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人本主义教学中学英语教学理念中国传统教育一直以来都存在看重知识，轻视人文的问题，长期沿用英才教育模式，这种教学模式的目的就是通过多次知识性考核和不断的淘汰重点培养余下的几个重点果实，对其他无谓牺牲掉的人来说既不人性也不公平。所以现代教学中已经多是以人本主义教学为主，尤其是英语教学。通过人本主义者的眼睛我们可以看到他们所强调的是人的感性、具体和历史状态，他们认为人在世界中的实践活动主要在人与人的关系，人与自我和自然的关系之中。人本主义精神就是在实践活动中体验创造和探索的过程，发展人与人之间的关系，对自身进行充实和完善。人本主义教育就是在人本主义精神理念上构建出的教学理论，主要强调的是以学生为中心，基于对学生学习欲望背后复杂的了解，只有了解学生从他们的观点和角度看问题，知道他们想学什么及怎么学，才能真正从源头上搞好教学工作。这一教育观念在当今中学英语教学中广为流行，主要体现在英语任务型教学法中。主要是利用真实自然的任务中有待解决和实现的目标与问题的未知性，激发学生对新知识的渴望，刺激他们主动学习。这些人本主义教学理念实际上都是建构在人本主义教学原则的基础之上的。
Humanistic teaching middle school English teaching idea of Chinese traditional education has long been existed value knowledge, despise humanity problem, long-term use talent education mode, the purpose of this teaching mode is eliminated through times of aement of knowledge and cultivating the rest of the several key fruit, for other meaningle sacrifice neither humanity nor fair.So in the modern teaching is more humanistic teaching is given priority to, especially in English teaching.Through humanistic, eyes we can see what they emphasize is sensitive, specific and historical condition, they think that people in the world practice mainly in interpersonal relationship, the relationship between human and self and nature.Humanistic spirit is the experience of creation and exploration in the practice proce, the development of the relationship between people, to enrich and improve themselves.Humanism education is built on the concept of humanistic spirit in the teaching theory, the main emphasis on the student as the center, based on the understanding of students learning desires behind complex, only understand from their point of view and perspective, students know what they want to learn and how to learn, can do a good job of the teaching from the source.The education concept in today's popular in middle school English teaching, mainly reflected in the task-based English teaching method.Mainly is to use the real nature of the task to be solved and goals and the problems of unpredictability, stimulate students desire for new knowledge, stimulate their active learning.These humanistic teaching idea are actually constructed on the basis of the humanism teaching principles.一、人本主义在实践中从理性走向感性的教学原则在中学英语教学中的运用
A, humanism in practice from rational to perceptual teaching principle is applied to the teaching and learning of English in middle school
在现在很多中学英语教学中，为了提高学生对英语的理解力，教师们都会通过具体的生活实物、相关图画以及哑剧表演等各种方式进行辅助教学。尤其是角色扮演，是对人本主义理念的具体形象的完全阐释。对中学生来说，这些抽象难懂的东西通过这些实体的具体化一下子就能变得生动具体起来，不仅锻炼了学生们的操作能力与创造能力及想象力，也调动了他们实践的积极性，这种方式是很多中学英语教师喜欢用在英语教学中的最常见的一种。因为中学英语教师们实际上也早就已经意识到学生如果不自己去实践一番就不能真正理解，也
就激不起他们的学习兴趣，更不能达到对英语知识学习的内化和应用。长期以来的语言教学一直把语言学习看成是理性和单向的接受过程，完全把学生的主体性和实践价值及意义放在最角落的位置。而人本主义教学理念则一直致力于在实践中“教”怎么服务于“学”。人的探求兴趣与欲望是建立在想象的基础上的，想象是人的一种内在需求和创造活动的精髓所在，而想象的基础是人对具体形象的事物有所感觉，它只能依靠实践来实现。实践是人与具体事物进行交往的一个过程，通过实践我们才能真正认识和了解这些事物形象。南加利福尼亚大学的发散思维类型任务的14个分测验表明，具体的形象可以对人的兴趣有所激发，应用到教学中，就表现为教师设计的任务活动需要具有生动的形象性，从理性走向感性，激发学生学习和参加活动的兴趣。
In what is now a lot of middle school English teaching, in order to improve the students' comprehension of English, the teachers will life through concrete physical objects, the related pictures and pantomime a variety of ways such as auxiliary teaching.Role plays, in particular, is the specific image of humanistic idea completely.For middle school students, the embodiment of these abstract to understand things by these entities suddenly became more vivid and concrete, not only exercise the students' operating ability and creation ability and imagination, and arouse the enthusiasm of their practice, this way is a lot of middle school English teachers like to use one of the most common in English language teaching.Because middle school English teachers in fact also if not already aware of the students to practice some can't understand, also arouses their interest in learning, more can't achieve internalization and application of knowledge about English learning.For a long time to language teaching has always been regard language learning as a rational and one-way acceptance proce, completely put the student's subjectivity and the practical value and significance in the corner place.While humanistic teaching concept has been committed to “teach” in practice how to serve the “learning”.People's interest and desire is built on the basis of imagination, imagination is an inner demand and the eence of creation and imagination is the basis of the specific image of the things, can only rely on practice to realize it.Practice is a proce, with specific things to communicate through practice can we truly know and understand these things.At the university of southern California divergent thinking task type in 14 point test showed that the specific image can be to arouse people's interests to some extent, applied to teaching, the design task activities show the teacher needs to have vivid vivid, from rational to perceptual, arouse the students' interest in learning and participating in activities.二、人本主义以教师为主导，学生为主体的教学原则在中学英语教学中的运用and humanistic dominated by teachers, students as the main body of the teaching principle is applied to the teaching and learning of English in middle school
教师引导，突出学生主体的原则在中学英语教学中也是被广泛应用的一种方式。在新推出的《中学英语课程标准》中基本理念第一条就有对其的明确阐释，指出英语教学一定要面向全体学生，着重其素质教育，并在其中强调要对每个学生的情感进行关注，帮助学生建立健康阳光的自信心和成就感，以使学生在发展自身综合运用能力的同时提高其人文素养，不仅要增强他们的实践能力，而且要对其创新精神进行培养。这一新课程理念促使现在的中学英语教学课堂中随处可见人本主义教学理念的影子，教师们常常进行提问式教学，引导中学生自己去总结和归纳，让其明确自身主体地位，增强学习动力。
Teachers' guidance, highlights the principle of students main body in the middle school English teaching is a kind of widely used approach.In the new high school English curriculum standard, basic idea of the first have to articulate, points out that English teaching should be geared to the needs of all students, focus on the quality education, and in the emphasis on attention to each student's emotions, help students to establish healthy sunshine self-confidence and a sense of achievement, in order to make students in the development of their comprehensive ability to use at the same time improve the humanities cultivated manners, not only to enhance their practical ability, but also on its innovation spirit cultivation.The new curriculum concept to present middle school English teaching in the claroom everywhere the shadow of the humanistic teaching concept, teachers often question type teaching, guide students to summary and induction, let it clear their main body status, strengthen the learning motivation.传统教学中教师的任务主要包括熟悉教材、分析教材、背诵和操练教材四个部分。在这种传统的教学模式中，教师的身份就是权威，其在学生面前具有绝对的话语权，而学生只能作为接受角色在教学中处于边缘位置。人本主义教学理念则是以学生为主体，对其个性自由极其重视，认为教学这个活动本身应该是从“学”出发，而不是从“教”出发，把学当做教的前提。因为如果没有学，教就没有存在的必要。人本主义教育理念的前提是对教师独有的有限性予以否认，把教学中对话的绝对地位交给学生，让学生不再只是旁观者，而是从接受到参与叙述的主角，从而转变被动的心态，积极参与到教学活动中。在这种对话模式里，教学已经不是单向的重复动作，而是“教”与“学”的双向互动过程。这种互动式教学原则，不仅能使教师与学生在认知上相互促进，重要的是弥补了传统教学模式中师生情感的交流，把教师与学生放在了平等的地位，更加突出学生这一主体，让他们认识到自己的重要性。
The main task of traditional teaching of teachers including familiar with teaching material, analysis of teaching material, recite and practice teaching materials in four parts.In the traditional teaching mode, teacher's identity is authority, with absolute say in front of the students, and students can only as to accept roles in a marginal position in the teaching.Humanistic teaching concept is based on students as the main body, the individuality freedom extremely seriously, think that the teaching activities should set out from the “learning” itself, rather than starting from “teaching”, the premise of learning as a teaching.Because if you don't have to learn, teach, there is no neceary.The premise of humanism education idea is denied, the limitation of teachers unique dialogue the absolute position in the teaching to students, let the student is no longer just a bystander, but from acceptance to participate in the narrative character, so as to change the paive attitude, actively participate in teaching activities.In the dialogue mode, the repetitive movements of teaching is not one-way, but “teach” and “learning” two-way interactive proce.This interactive teaching principle, not only can make teachers and students to promote each other on cognition, it is important to make up for the traditional teaching mode teachers emotional communication, put the teachers and students in the equal status, the more prominent the students the main body, let them realize the importance of their own.三、人本主义合作交流原则在中学英语教学中的运用
Third, humanism principle of cooperation and communication in English teaching in middle
school
自从新课改后，中学英语课堂就开始向半开放式转变，每个班级都根据自身的学生数目综合分成不等的小组，课堂内容进程主要是在小组讨论中进行。这些小组的划分并非随机，是教师们在交流和学习过程中对每个学生语言水平和能力综合安排的，目的是为了学生们之间能更好的交流。这种课堂模式在中学英语教学中取得了很大的成效，是人本主义交流合作原则的具体运用。教学活动本身注定了其是一种交流活动，教学成功的表现之一就是教师与学生之间能够融洽交流，这也是人本主义教学理念一个很重要的教学原则。这种交流内容可以说无所不能包括，可以是日常生活，也可以是人生价值观，更可以是语言和知识等交流。人本主义教学理念除了保证教师与学生间的交流外，还看重学生与学生之间的交流，它所提倡的以学生为中心的课堂模式主要是利用小组间的合作交流学习，对学生在困难中的合作意识和团队精神进行培养，同时锻炼了学生之间的交际能力，发展了其人与人之间的关系。但是教师要通过对学生的了解，安排好问题设计及小组活动各个环节。不仅能提高学生的积极性，同时对学生自信心的增加也有很大帮助。
Since the new curriculum reform, high school English cla began to half open, the number of the students in each cla according to their own comprehensive range is divided into the group, and claroom content proce mainly in group discuions.These groups division is not random, teachers in the proce of communication and learning for each student language level and the comprehensive ability to arrange, in order to better communication between the students.This claroom mode in middle school English teaching have made great achievements, is the concrete application of humanistic exchanges and cooperation principles.Teaching activity itself to its, is a kind of communication activity teaching is one of succeful performance can harmonious communication between teacher and student, this is also a very important humanistic teaching concept teaching principle.This communication includes content is omnipotent, so to speak, can be in daily life, also can be a life values, can be more such as language and knowledge exchange.Humanistic teaching idea in addition to guarantee the communication between teachers and students, and regards the communication between students and students, it advocates student-centered claroom mode mainly is to use the group cooperation learning, to students cooperation consciousne and the team spirit in the difficult training, exercise the communication between the students at the same time, the development of the interpersonal relationship.But the teacher must through the understanding of the students, arrange good question design and group activity each link.Can not only improve the students' enthusiasm, at the same time, it is a great way for students to increase self-confidence.
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