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Women throughout the ages have protested the limitations imposed on their lives by social, political, and religious institutions.In the fifth century, Hypatia, an influential Roman scholar, sought a reawakening of female dignity and power;in the fifteenth century Christine de Pisan chronicled the achievements of women and instigated a debate acro Europe on women’s equality;two centuries later Anna van Schuman, a Dutch woman, wrote books in support of women’s education.In the American colonies, Abigail Adams lobbied her husband, John, to “remember the ladies” as the American Revolution raged on in the name of equality for all men.Soon after, in England in 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft was writing the feminist tract A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.But the first wave of modern feminism is usually declared to have begun in 1848, with 100 women and men at the Seneca Falls Convention.There, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott threw down the gauntlet for women’s suffrage;afterward, feminist Susan B.Anthony joined Stanton to lead the movement.Neither womanas well as long-term active feminists themselves—is bringing an ever-broadening perspective to the bargaining table of women’s rights.These women have been delving into some of the early feminist thoughts on the patriarchal structure underlying all modern political, social, and cultural constructs, and they include the problems of racism and claism in their analyses.This generation too, accustomed to contemplating systems(such as ecosystems)and not just the individual factor, is looking at the entire system, from home to work to voting booth to religious institution.Many are questioning why women are expected to adapt to a world created by men.Many are lobbying for an adaptation that goes both ways.And many are rejecting society’s old definitions of what it means to be a woman and replacing them with their own definitions, remembering feminist Mary Daly’s admonition that the right to define is power.In this generation, women are studying at West Point and winning Rhodes scholarships, and they expect to earn equal pay for equal work.This is the Title IX generation, women who grew up with the opportunity to join Little League teams, to play in soccer leagues, and who had acce to school basketball and volleyball courts and to softball diamonds.This generation looks out at a world of women surfing alongside men, a powerful third wave.在整个年龄的妇女提出抗议给他们的生活带来的限制社会、政治和宗教的人们。在第五世纪一个有重大影响的人物,Hypatia罗马学者,找了再度活跃的女性的尊严和力量
在十五世纪克里斯汀·德·刚被记录了女性的贡献和煽动辩论整个欧洲对妇女的平等权利;两百年后安娜·范·舒曼,荷兰的女人,写书支持女子教育。
在美国的殖民地,阿比盖尔·亚当斯游说她丈夫约翰女士“记忆”美国革命名义激烈平等所有的人。不久以后,在英国1792年,玛丽·渥斯通克拉夫特·写辩护道的女性的权利的女人。
但第一波通常是现代女性主义的公布,开始于1848年在100女性和男性的塞尼卡福尔斯会议。在那里,伊丽莎白Cady斯坦顿和everglades挑战来丢掉了妇女选举权;后来,女性主义苏姗·b·安东尼加入斯坦顿带领运动
womanas以及也带来了themselves-is长期活跃的女权主义者ever-broadening视角讨价还价桌旁妇女的权利。这些妇女的钻研一些早期的女权主义思想对男权结构潜在所有现代的政治、社会和文化建设存在的问题,主要有claism于种族主义和在他们的分析。
这些妇女的钻研一些早期的女权主义思想对男权结构潜在所有现代的政治、社会和文化建设存在的问题,主要有claism于种族主义和在他们的分析。这一代太习惯于考虑系统(如生态系统)而不只是人的因素,正在看整个系统,从家到工作要投票摊宗教机构。
许多的问题是为什么女人将适应创造的世界被藐视。许多在游说,改编而成的都是如此的方式。和许多拒绝社会的旧有界定这意味着什么做一个女人和替换他们记住他们自己的定义,女性主义玛丽·权利警戒的定义就是力量。在这个世代中,女人是研究并赢得西点罗兹奖学金,而且想要获得同工同酬。这是一代,妇女第九条长大的机会加入,少棒队伍参加足球联盟,他们能够在学校学习篮球和排球法院垒球钻石。看这世代的一个世界的女性与男人一块冲浪,一个强大的第三次浪潮。
女权主义，源自西方，以女性经验为来源与动机的社会理论与政治运动。 女性主义一词，最早出现在法国，意味着妇女解放，后传到英美，逐渐流行起来。以现代的哲学与社会运动的观点来看，女......
女权主义批评从两性文化的意义上说，西方的文化传统是男尊女卑的传统。女性作家和女性读者，与男性自古不同。亚里士多德声称，妇女之所以是妇女，乃因她们缺少某些品质。圣托马斯•......
中国的女权主义摘要：人类文明几千年历史的长河之中，绝大部分的社会都是一种崇尚男权的社会，在这种社会体制下，相当于男性，女性享有更少的权利，位于被支配的社会地位。这种情况在古......
马克思主义女权主义摘要:本文对西方的马克思主义女权主义做了较系统的考察。早期的马克思主义女权主义者认为,在资本主义社会里,导致妇女受压迫、受剥削的根本原因,在抽象意......
1983年麦金侬的两篇不同凡响的文章-----《女性主义、马克思主义、秩序与国家：走向女性主义法学》（Feminist，Marxism，Method and the State：Toward Feminist Jurisprudence）及《女......
