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The division of the history of British literature
1,Early and medieval English Literature The Anglo-Saxon Period---Norman Conquest 449-1066 The Medieval English Period(1066-1485)
2,The Renaiance Period(1485Tudor Dynasty—1603 the death of Elizabeth)
3,The Seventeenth-century period(1063-1688)Early period literature(English Bourgeois Revolution)and Restoration literature(1066 Restoration-1688 Glorious Revolution)
4,The Eighteenth Century(1688-1798)新古典主义
5，The Romantic Period(浪漫主义时期)（1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads—1832 Sir Walter Scott’s death）
6,Victorian period(1837—1901)This period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria(1827—1901)
7,Modern Period(1900---)The modern period of English literature began with the 20th century.Chapter1, the Renaiance Period(1485---1603)
Features of English renaiance literature
Humanism is the eence of the renaiance The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English renaiance The greatest achievement of renaiance literature are poetry and drama
Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales
The playwrights A.Christopher Marlowe(1564—1593)马洛 29岁 主要作品：
（1）Tamburlaine the Great(帖木儿大帝，1587)（2）Doctor Faustus(浮士德博士的悲剧)（1589）（3）The Jew of Malta(马其他岛的犹太人，1590)The Jew is the archetype of Shylock in Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare
B.William Shakespeare(1964—1616)主要作品：
The types of plays历史剧
a, Historic plays(the king Henry series)b, Comedy(merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, as you like it, a midsummer night’s dream)
四大戏剧
Portia c, Black comedies(the tempest)d, tragedy(Hamlet, King Lear，Othello, Macbeth)四大悲剧
Renaiance poetry
A, Edmund Spenser(1552—1599)The faerie queene 《仙后》
B, William Shakespeare(1564—1616)154 sonnets :十四行诗
PART2 the early seventeenth---century(1603—1660)The period of the English Bourgeois Revolution 2.1Cultural and political background 1,English revolution(the puritan revolution)Kong—parliament---civil war from 1642—1649 The Bourgeois dictatorship was established, and Cromwell(1649—1669)became the Protector of the English Commonwealth.The Parliament recalled Charles II to England in 1660.Then followed the Restoration period.----Influence on literature----Pamphlets 2,Science Galileo---推翻地心说
influence on literature---multi—valued
Poetry John Milton(约翰 弥尔顿1608—11674)主要作品：3 long narrative poems 1, paradise lost ,1667
2, paradise regained(复乐园，1671)3，Samson Agonistes(力士参孙，1671)
John Donne(1572—1631)The founder of the metaphysical school of poetry is JOHN DONNE.玄学派诗歌 主要作品：
早期：elegies and satires(挽歌与讽刺)Songs and sonnets(歌与短歌)后期：holy sonnets(圣歌集)Hymn(圣父赞美诗)
Prose John Bunyan(约翰 班扬，1628--1688)The pilgrim’s progre(天路历程)，a religious fable(characters: submiivene柔顺、loyalty , hope)
Francis Bacon Eays “of study”论学习
Plays: John Dryden All for love : a tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra
Chapter 3 the eighteenth century（1688—1798）Neoclaical period(1660—1789,18th century)
1.历史背景
(1)compromise between the aristocracy and bourgeoisie---comparatively peaceful)(2)Industrial Revolution---rapid economic growth---British became the first powerful capitalist in the world
Fictions
1,Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔 笛福，1660—1731)Robinson Crusoe(1719)
2,Jonathan Swift(1667—1745)斯威夫特 Gulliver’s Travel(1726)《格利夫游记》（1）to Lilliput小人国
（2）to brobdingnag巨人国
（3）to;aputa(flying island)飞岛
脱离实际的试验（4）to the country of the Houyhnhnms慧马国
3，Henry Fielding(1707—1754)亨利 菲尔丁 Tom Jones(汤姆 琼斯，1749)Joseph Andrews(约瑟 安德鲁传，1742)
Achievements of Fielding 1,founder of the English Realistic novel 2, father of the English novel 英国小说之父
4，Richardson
Pamela Clarrisa(the first tragic novel in English literary history)
5,Laurence Sterne Tristram Shandy 项迪传
Poetry 1,Pope
Works: eay on Criticism
The Rape of the Lock
Eay on Man 2,Thomas Gray:感伤主义
从古典主义诗歌向浪漫主义诗歌过渡的最重要的英国诗人 Works: Elegy Written in a country churchyard
3,Oliver Goldsmith The deserted village:荒村
PROSE
1,Richard Steele and “the tattler”
2, Joseph Addison and the “spectator” 3,Samuel Johnson
“a dictionary of the English language”
Play: Sheridan: the most important English playwright of the 18th century The rivals;The school for scandal
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD(1798—1832)Imagination: Singularity(奇异）Simplicity: Nature: back to nature
Pre—romanticism: William Blake, Robert Burns Romanticism: Wordsworth.Coleridge Late—Romanticism: Byron, Shelly, John Keats
1,William Blake Song of innocence Songs of experience
2,Rovert burns A red red rose Auld lang syne:友谊地久天长 William Wordsworth To the cuckoo I wandered lonely as a cloud My heart leaps up The solitary reaper
Samuel Taylor Coleridge THE REIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER LUBLA KHAN
George Gordon Byron(1788—1824)CHILDE HAROLD’S PILGRIMAGE CAIN（该隐，1821）
DON JUAN(唐 桓，1818—1823)PERCY BYSSHE SHELLY(1792—1822)ODE TO THE WEST WIND(西风颂，1819)“if the winter comes, can spring be far behind?”
John keats(1795—1821)ODE TO THE NIGHTINGALE ODE ON A GRECIAN URIN ODE TO AUTUMN
Jane Austen(简 奥斯丁，17775—1817)（1）SENSE AND SESIBILIY,1811（2）PRIDE AND PREJUDICE,1813（3）MANSFIELD PARK(曼斯菲尔德花园，1814)It reveals the amour—propre of human being
（4）PERSUASION,1918劝告
It contracts the true love and pinch pennies
（5）NORTHANGER ABBEY ,诺桑觉寺，1818 It satirizes the popular Gothic knightly lyric in the 18th century
Chapter6 the Victorian Period
English critical realism QUEEN VICTORIA(1837—1901)
Victorian literature(1)NOVEL became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expreion of progreive thought(2)Writers exposed all kinds of social evils—poverty, injustice, hypocrisy, corruption, snobbery ………
Writers such as Dickens, Thackeray, Mrs Gaskell, Ruskin, Bronte sisters showed their primary concern about the people in the primary concern about the people in the society with sympathy for the poor and the unfortunate and become the major voice of unfortunate and become the major voice of the literary would by presenting a faithful picture of the horrible capitalist England.Major writers of the period(1)Charles Dickiens(1812—1870)
主要作品： 17部小说 早期
(1)PICKWICK PAPERS(匹克威克外传，1833—1850)(2)OLIVER TWIST(雾都孤儿，1838)(3)NICHOLAS NICKLEBY(尼古拉斯，尼克尔比，1839)(4)THE OLD CURIOSITY SHOP(老古玩店，1841)(5)DAVID DOPPERFIELD(大卫科波菲尔，1850)(6)DOMBEY AND SON(董氏父子，1848)后期（1）（2）（3）（4）
BLEAK HOUSES, 荒凉山庄，1853 HARD TIME,艰难时世，1854 A TLE OF TOW CITIES, 双城记
GREAT EXPECTATIONS(远大前程，1861)(2)，William Makepeace Thackeray VALITY FAIR:名利场
The title was taken from BUNYAN’S PILGRIM’S PROGRESS MAJOR CHARACTERS Amelia sedley and Rebecca sharp
(3),Elizabeth Gaskell, Mrs Gaskell Gaskell was one of the English writers to describe in a novel the cla struggle between the workers and the capitalists in “THE HUNGRY FORTIES”
Mary Baron: contains a vivid picture of the cla conflicts which prevailed at that time North and South
(3)Bronte Sisters(勃朗特姐妹)(4)
CHARLOTTE BRONTE(1816—1855)JANE EYRE(1847)
Emily Bronte(1818—1848)WUTHERING HEIGHTS(1847)CATHERINE OR CATHY MOODY HEATHCLIFF
Anne Bronte(1820—1849)
5)George Eliot 主要作品：
Scenes of clerical life(牧师生活的一瞥)Adam bede 亚当 贝德
The mill on the flo:弗洛斯河上的磨房 Middlemarch: 米德尔马契
Literay trends at the end of the century 1, neo—romanticism Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island 2,Aestheticism Oscar Wilde The picture of Dorian Gray A Woman of No importance An ideal husband The importance of being earnest 3, Naturalism Thomas Hardy,1840==1928(1)the return of the native,1878(2)the Mayor of Casterbridge,1886(3)Te of the D’Urbervilles,1891(Te, Angel Clare, Alec)(4)Jude the Obscure,1896
CHAPTER7
THE MODERN PERIOD The characteristics of modernism Major themes: the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.From the public to the private, from the objective to the subjective Casting away almost all the traditional elements in literature like story, plot, character, chronological narration, which are eential to realism.As a result, the works created by the modernist writers can often be labeled as anti-novel or anti-drama.1, James Joyce,1882--1941 主要作品：
Dubliners,都柏林人
A portrait of the artist as a young man ,青年艺术家的肖像 Ulyes,1992,尤利西斯
Finnegans wake 1939 费尼根们的觉醒
2,William Somerset Maugham
Of Human Bondage The Man and Sixpence
3,Josepph Conrad Lord Jim Heart of Darkne
4,E.M, FOSTER A Paage to India Howards End Aspect of the Novel
5, D.H Lawrence Sons and lovers(Oedipus complex)The rainbow Women in love Lady chatterley’s lover
6,Virginia Woolf-------stream of consciousne novels The voyage Out Mrs.Dalloway To the lighthouse Orlando A Room of one’s own
English Literature after the WWII
1,William Golding The lord of the files The inheritors
2,John Fowles The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国上尉的女人)The collector
WOMEN LITERATURE 1,Virginia Woolf 2, Doris Leing The Gra is singing The golden notebook 3,Irish MURDOCK The black prince Under the net The unicorn
Poetry of modern Period 1,W.B.YEATS
Sailing to Byzantium When you are old No second troy
2, T.S.Eliot The love song of j.Alfred Prufrock The waste land Four quartets
3,Phlip Larkin(the movement poet)
Major playwrights of the period
A , George Bernard Shaw,1856—1950 The best dramatist since Shakespeare Promoted social reform with “drama of ideas.”
主要作品：
widowers’ house(鳏夫房产，1892)MRS.Warren’s Profeion 沃伦夫人的职业，1894 Pygmalion:皮革马利翁，卖花女，窈窕淑女，my fair lady or
Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot The theater of the Absurd
the flower girl AMERICAN LITERATUR
AREMERICAN LITERATURE
I American Puritanism ,1620---end of the 18th century
II American Romanticism(the end of 18th cutury—1861)III The Realistic period(1861—1900)IV the modern Period(1900--)V The Postmodern Period(1945---)
American Puritanism(1620—the end of 20th century)Jonathan Edward,1703—1758 Freedom and the will,1754
Benjamin Franklin 1706—1790 Poor Richard’s Almanacs 1732 The Autobiography 1788
II American Romanticism ,the end of 18th century—1861
“the American Renaiance”：美国文艺复兴
New England Transcendental Movement:新英格兰超验主义运动
这个时期的主要作家及作品： Washington Irving;华盛顿 欧文
James Fenimore Cooper 1789—1851,库伯 Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生 Henry David Thoreau 梭罗
Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔 霍桑 Herman Melviile 赫尔曼 麦尔维尔
Edgar Allan Poe 艾伦 坡
Walt Whitman 华尔特 惠特曼 Emily Dickinson 迪金森
Washington Irving ,1783—1859 The father of American literature: 美国文学之父
The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame
The legend of sleepy Hollow 断头谷 Rip Van Winkle瑞普 凡 温克尔
James Fenimore Cooper 1789—1851 The pioneers 拓荒者
The last of the Mohicans:最后的莫西干人 The Prairie: 草原
The Pathfinder 探路者 The deerslayer:猎鹿人
Ralph Waldo Emerson :拉尔夫 菲尔多 爱默生 1803--·881 主要作品：
Nature 1836 自然
The American scholar 1837 美国学者 Self-Reliance 1841 自立 The over—soul 1841 超灵
Self-trust is the first secret of succe
A great man is always willing to be little
The first wealth is health
We are all wise for other people, none for himself
Henry David Thoreau 梭罗 An active transcendentalist 主要作品：
Walden:瓦尔登湖
A week on the concord and Merrimack rivers：康科德和麦里马科湖的一周 Nathaniel Hawthorne :纳撒尼尔 霍桑，1804—1864
The scarlet letter,1850 Hester Prynne Dimmesdale Pearl DR.Chilingworth
The minister’s black veil: 牧师的黑面纱
Herman Melville 1819—1891 主要作品
Peua Ahab Moby—dick
Edgar Allan Poe
Poe was father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story 诗：
Annabel Lee To Helen 短篇小说
The Fall of h HOUSE of Usher The purploined letter The golden bug
Walt Whitman:华尔特 惠特曼
American poet, journalist and eayist, best know for Leaves of Gra:草叶集，1855 The father of American Modern poetry
Leaves of Gra:草叶集，1855 Includes the following famous poes Song of Myself自我之歌
There was a child went forth 有个小孩在长大 I hear America Singing 我听见美国在唱歌
Free Verse O Captain!My captain!Our fearful trip is done The ship has weathered every rack ,the prize we sought is won, The poet is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting
But O heart!Heart!Heart!O the bleeding drops to red
Where on the deck my captain lies Fallen cold and dead
Nothing Gold Can Stay
Nature’s first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold Her early leaf’s a flower But only so an hour Then leaf subsides to leaf So eden sank to grief So dawn goes down to day Nothing gold can stay
By Robert forst
Emily Dickinson
1775poems in her life Them : religion death love ,nature
作品：
I died for beauty---but was scarce Apparently with no surprise Tell all the truth but tell it slant Succe
Succe: Succe is counted sweetest By those who ne’er succeed To comprehend a nectar Requires sorest need
The realistic period ,1865—1914 The American civil war ,1861—1865 Two results 1,futher industrialization mechanization, urbanization, development of transportation and communication 2,westward movement;by 1890, the last of the first 48 states were settled
这个时期的文学写作特点 1, realism现实主义 2,local color地方特色 3,naturalism自然主义
4,feminist movement:女权运动
Emily Dickinson, Harriet Beecher stowe, Sarah Orne Jewett Kate Chopin Edith Wharton Willa Cather
主要作家、作品
Mark Twain 1835—1910 Local colorism Humor Language(vernacular language)
主要作品
The celebrated jumping frog of calaveras county 1865 The innocents abroad 1869 The adventures of tom sawyer 1876 The prince and pauper 1881 Life on the Miiippi 1881 The adventures of huckleberry finn 1885(汤姆索亚历险记续集)A Connecticut yankee in king Arthur’s court 1889 The man that corrupted hadleyburg 1900 The mysterious stranger 1916
Henry James 1843—1916
Psychological realistic writer, short-story writer, playwright, critic Eayist,22novels and over 100 short stories and some critical commentaries
The creative life of Henry James can be divide into 3 distinctive periods
1,1865—1881 ,the American 1877,daisy mille 1878, The portrait of a lady,1881 These novels won hom international fame and reveal James fascination with his “international them”
Or American innocence in face of European sophistication 2.1885—1897,tales of subtle studies of interpersonal relationships
The Bostonian 1886 The tragic muse 1890
3,1895—1916 ,the summit of his art and thus the major phase: on international them ,and on people’s psychology The turn of the screw The wings of the dove The ambaadors The golden bowl Thematic concern: The international theme The meeting of American and Europe, with European decadence ,and its moral and psychological complications
Significance 1, the forefather of literature of “Stream of consciousne” 2,Point of view
William Dean Howells
The rise of Silas Laspham It is a fine specimen of American realistic writing
Thematic tern :middle cla Genteel realism
Howells
middle cla
genteel realism James
upper cla
psychological realism Twain lower strata of
society localism
American Naturalism: peimistic realism Naturalism: a genre of literary thoughts originated form the view of a French writer, Emile Zola
Writers: THEODORE Dreiser Stephen crane JACK LONDON THEODORE DREISER 1871—1945 作品
The financier The titan
An American tragedy The stoic
2,stepphen crane Maggie:a girl of the streets The red badge of courage Jack London The calla of the nature The sea wolf Martin eden(4)O henry The gift of the magi The cop and the anthem
Women writers Mrs stowe(harrie beebher stowe)Uncle tom’s cabin
Kate chopin The awakening A story of an hour
Willa cather My Antonia
Death comes for the archbishop
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