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一.名词解释
Warehouse: Warehousing can be defined as that part of a firm’s logistics system that stores or holds raw materials, components, semi-finished goods, or finished goods at and between point of origin and point of consumption, and offers information to management on the state, condition, and disposition of goods stored.仓库可以被定义为一个公司的物流系统的一部分,商店或原材料、零部件、半成品、成品或和起始点和点之间的消费,并提供信息来管理国家,条件,处置货物存储。
Inventory: Inventory refers to stocks or goods utilized to support production(raw materials and work-in-proce), support activities(repair, maintenance, and operation supplies)and customer service(finished goods and spare parts).库存是指股票或商品用于支持生产(原材料和半成品),支持活动(修理、维护和操作供应)和客户服务(成品和零部件)。
Honeycombing: As loads are removed from a storage lane,a space-lo phenomenon refeered to as honeycombing随着负载从一个存储巷,space-lo现象冷冻产品形成蜂窝状
Direct loading :when cases do not need to be palletized for shipping,they can be conveyorized directly into outbound trailers.直接加载:当情况下不需要托盘化运输,他们可以直接传送带化到出站拖车。
二.简答题：
1.Roles of warehousing: ① To provide a buffer to smooth variations between supply and demand.①对供给和需求之间的平滑变化提供了一个缓冲区 ② To enable economies of long production runs in manufacturing.②使生产长期生产运行的经济
③ To provide a buffer between production runs in manufacturing.③之间提供缓冲运行生产制造。
④ To enable procurement savings through large purchases.④使采购节省大量购买
⑤ To cover for seasonal fluctuations and peaks.⑤为季节性波动和峰盖。
⑥ To provide a wide range of different productions, from different suppliers, in one location.⑥提供多种不同的产品，从不同的供应商，在一个位置
⑦ To cover for planned or breakdown production shutdowns.⑦为计划或故障停产盖。
2.Stragetic iues affecting warehousing: 2影响仓储的战略问题： • Market and product base stability.•市场和产品基础稳定性。• Type of goods to be handled.•搬运的货物类型
• Type of facility, size and location.•设施的类型，大小和位置。• Level of technology.•技术水平。Choice of unit load.•选择机组负荷。
3.Factors(principles)influencing location selection3。影响区位选择的因素（原则）Cost成本
the fixed cost(land cost, building cost etc.), 固定成本（土地成本，建筑成本等），variable cost(labor cost, transportation cost), 可变成本（劳动力成本，运输成本），annual turnover年营业额 Talents人才
select the place that attracts the most选择最能吸引的地方 profeional people专业的人
Distance to the customer对客户的距离
closer to the consumer market to lower freight and enhance efficiency as well as responsivene更接近消费市场，降低运费和提高效率以及反应
Future development未来的发展
market exploitation and new technology市场开发和新技术
4.How to size the warehousing according to the ration of average to peak? 如何规模仓储根据平均峰值比？
If the duration of the peak is short-lived and the ratio of the peak to average ratio is high then temporary space(outside warehousing and/or trailer storage)should be considered to accommodate the peak storage requirements If the duration of the peak is for an extended period and the ratio of the peak to average ratio is low then the warehouse should be sized at or near peak requirements.如果峰值的时间是短暂的和峰均比是高的，然后临时空间（外仓储和/或拖车存储）应考虑适应峰值存储要求。如果峰值持续时间较长的一段时间和峰均比低然后，仓库的大小应在或接近峰值的要求。.How to achieve infinite warehousing productivity? 如何实现无限的仓储效率？
(1)The first is to completely automate the warehouse首先是完全自动化仓库
(2)to completely eliminate the need for it via direct shipping完全消除了需要通过直接运输
(3)minimize the need for it via cro-docking减少它需要通过交叉对接 6.the require for croing-docking?越库的要求
First, each container and product must be automatically identifiable through a bar code lable or RF tag首先，每个容器和产品必须通过自动识别条形码标签或射频标签
Second, loads must be scheduled into the DC and aigned to dock doors automatically第二，载荷必须安排到DC和分配到码头门自动 Third, inbound pallets or cases that will be cro-docked should contain only a single SKU or be preconfigured(提前配置)for their destination to minimize sortation requirements.第三，入境托盘或例将停靠应该只包含一个单一的SKU或预先（提前配置）他们的目的地减少分拣要求。7.The feature of putaway 入库上架的特征。
(1)In direct putaway systems, staging and inspection activities are eliminated.直接入库系统，分期检查活动消除。
(2)Vehicles that serve the dual purpose of truck unloading and product putaway facilitate direct putaway.车辆，服务的双重目的卸车和产品上架方便直接上架。
(3)The world’s most advanced logistics operations are characterized by automated , direct putaway to storage locations.世界上最先进的物流运作的特点是自动化的，直接存储到存储位置 三.填空题
1.Order picking---selecting particular combinations of goods for customer orders or raw materials for production.拣货——选择特定的产品组合的客户订单或生产原料。
2.Shipping---loading goods for shipping to the customer or to the production line.航运---加载货物给客户或生产线。3.material flow planning: 物流规划：
In flow planning, we specify a U-shape, straight-thru, modular-spine, or multistory flow pattern.在流程规划，我们指定一个U型，直通，模块化的脊柱，或多层流模式
4multistory distribution buildings are neceary when land is extremely scare 多层建筑物分配土地时需要非常的害怕...in addition to normal overflows ,backorders ,special orders, and transfer orders are good candidates for cro-docking.除了正常的溢出，缺货，特殊订单，对越库 是好的选择 6.Case Sorting Systems Pop-up wheels, pusher bars
shoes, or tilting trays can be used in conveyor systems to divert labled cases into their appropriate accumulation lane.弹出轮子，推筋，鞋，或倾斜托盘可用于输送系统将标记的情况下在合适的积累里。.the SKUs with the highest picking denisity should be aigned to the floor lever and the SKUs with the lowest picking denisity should be aigned to the upper lever.具有最高密度的型号选择应该给地板杠杆和最低密度的型号选择应分配给上位.what are the advantage of stock to picker? 什么是股票选择的优势？(1).the elimination of the travel time for the order picker为订单拣选的旅行时间消除(2).supervision监督
9.Causes for honeycombing蜂巢的原因
(1).Unable due to stack height restriction货物本身堆垛高度限制(2).Unable due to SKU stack blocking restriction最小存货单位的堆垛限制
(3).Unable due to SKU lane blocking restriction.最小存货巷道的堆垛限制
10.the advantage of pallet jack picking are the low capital(成本低)investment required, the simplicity of the concept（使用简单）, the flexibility（灵活性）,and safety(安全性)since all of the picking takes places place at floor level.利用托盘千斤顶采低资本（成本低）所需的投资，这个简单的概念（使用简单），灵活性（灵活性），安全（安全性）由于所有的采摘需要地方在地板水平。四.论述题
1.How can we optimize order picking我们如何优化拣货
(1)iue pack optimization, By encouraging customers to order in full-pallet quantities ,or by creating quarter-and/or half-pallet loads, much of the counting and manual physicial handing of cases can be avoided both in your warehouse and also in your customer’s warehouse.(以整托盘，1/4 或者半托盘货物)（1）包装的优化，通过鼓励客户在全托盘数量的订单，或通过建立季度或半托盘负荷，大部分的计数和手动物理处理的情况下可以避免在你的仓库也在客户的仓库。（以整托盘，1 / 4或者半托盘货物）
(2).pick-from-storage ,a traditional U-shape warehouse layout incorporates receiving docks, receiving staging, receiving inspection, putaway to reserve storage ,reserve pallet storage and pallet picking ,case pick line replenishment from pallet storage, case picking ,brocken case pick line replenishment from case storage, broken case picking, packing, accumulation shipping staging, and shipping docks.（2）。选择存储，传统的U型仓库布局采用接收码头，接受分期，接收检验，入库到储备库，储备托盘存储、托盘拣选，案例选择线路补给从托盘存储，采摘的情况下，断接线情况补充案例库，破案件采摘，包装，运输分期积累，航运码头。
(3).pick task simplification ,elimate and combine order picking task when poible.like,travelling
and
extracting
items
can
be combine,documenting can be elimination by automate information flow.接任务简化，消除结合拣选作业时可能的。喜欢旅行，并提取项目可以结合，可以消除记录的自动信息流
(4)order batching,is to reduce total travel time.订单处理，是减少总的旅行时间。
Single order picking, each order picker completes one order at a time.Batch picking is order are batched together order pickers take responsibility for retrieving a batch of orders during a picking tour.Zone picking ,a picking zone is defined as a portion of an aisle ,multiple aisles, pr machines(carousels or as/rs machines)aigned to an operator for picking.单一订单拣货，每完成一个订单拣选一次。
批量拣选，是为了成批together order采摘以检索一批订单拣货过程中的责任。
区采摘，采摘区被定义为一个通道，多通道的一部分，PR机（传送带或AS / RS机器）分配给运营商选择。
(5)slotting optimization, in slotting we determine for each items its content: apporiate storage mode, apporiate allocation of space in its appreciate storage mode,apporiate storage location in its apporiate storage mode.货位优化，开槽我们确定每个项目内容：限制存储模式存储模式，其升值空间的限制分配，在其设定的限制存储位置存储模式
(6)pick sequencing选择排序
Sequence pick location visits to reduce travel time.顺序拾取位置访问减少旅行时间
2.compare freeform picking and zone picking比较自由采摘和分区采摘(1)freeform picking include single order picking and batch picking.Single order picking, each order picker completes one order at a time.Batch picking, is order are batched together order pickers take responsibility for retrieving a batch of orders during a picking tour.自由选择包括单一拣选和批量拣选。单一订单拣货，每完成一个订单拣选一次。批量拣选，是为了被收集在一起，为了采摘以检索一批订单拣货过程中的责任。(2)Zone picking, a picking zone is defined as a portion of an aisle ,multiple aisles, prmachines(carousels or as/rs machines)aigned to an operator for picking.区采摘，采摘区被定义为一个通道，多通道的一部分，PR机（传送带或AS / RS机器）分配给运营商选择 五.选择题
1.Receving
proce involves:接货过程
① Physically accepting materials.①物理接受材料。
② Unloading materials from the transportation facilities.②卸料从运输设施。
③ Verifying quantity and condition of the materials.③验证数量和条件的材料
2.Putaway proce involves:
① Identifying the product.①识别产品。
② Typically scanning the materials’ bar code.②典型材料的条码扫描
③ Moving the product to a proper location.③移动产品到正确的位置
④ Recording this movement.④记录这一运动。
3.modular flow design is well suited for large-scale operationa in which in dividual procees are so large they merit stand-alone and uniquely designed buildings.模块化流程设计适合个人的过程中，大规模的运动是如此之大，他们的独立和独特的设计，建筑的优点。4.the straight-thru configuration lends itself to operations are pure cro-docking facilities(sometimes referred to as flow-through facilities)Or operationsin which the peak receiving And shipping times coincide.直到结构本身的操作是纯交叉对接设施（有时称为流通设施）或操作在峰值接收 和运输时间一致。5.无线射频识别标签 储存信息量大 多标签同事读取 适用于高速移动物体识别 6.Opportunties
for
direct
shipping
include
large,bulk items,made-to-order items,and combinations of items for which the regular shipping volume occupies at least a full truckload.直接航运机会包括大，大宗物品，定制的项目，和组合的项目为定期航运量占至少满满一卡车
7.the cons for bin shelving systems对于箱式货架系统的缺点(1).wasting space（1）浪费空间。(2)supervisory problems（2）监督问题
(3).security and items protection problem（3）安全和物品的保护问题。(4)inflated space and labor requirements（4）膨胀的空间和劳动力的需求 8.the pros of a man-aboard as/rs(1)floorspace savings节约面积
(2)systems height are no longer limited by reach height of order pickers系统的高度不再是为了采摘达到高度的限制(3)high storage density高密度存储
9.the cons for horizontal carousels水平传送带的缺点(1)low throughput低吞吐量(2)high cost成本高
(3)throughput capacity is limited by the rotation speed of the motor drive吞吐量是由电机驱动的旋转速度限制 10.the pros of verticat carousels(1)order pick times is le than阶次小于接(2)more accurate picking更精确的拣选
(3)excellent items protection and security优良的物品的保护和安全 11.the cons for miniload automated storage and retrieval system缺点为最小负荷的自动存储和检索系统
(1)containers to very closely match the storage volume requirements for each SKU容器非常密切配合每个SKU的存储量的要求(2)highest price 最高价格
(3)greater maintenance requirement更多的维护要求
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