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名词解释（英国）
Epic（叙事诗）: Epic is a narrative poem on the grand scale and in majestic style concerning the exploits and adventures of a superhuman hero(or heroes)engaged in a quest or some serious endeavor.Among noted epics are
Homer’s Iliad and Odyey, old English Beowulf and Milton’s Paradise Lost.is a long composition, in verse or in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures and a series of love stories.anonymous narrative song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed.The word “Renaiance” means “rebirth”(of learning).The Renaiance period was marked by a reawakening of interest in learning, in the individual and in the world of nature.The revival of learning led scholars back to the culture of Greece and Rome.The rebirth of interest in the
individual gave rise to a new appreciation of beauty, to a desire for self-expreion in varied activities and to the creation of great works of art.The renewal of curiosity about the natural world ultimately drew men to discover new lands and new scientific truth.Humanism was a literary and philosophic system of thought which attempted to place the affairs of mankind at the centre of its concerns.According to humanists, man should mould the world according to his own desires, and attains happine by removing all external checks by the exercise of the human intellect.Sonnet（十四行诗）：A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.Puritanism was the religious doctrine of revolutionary
bourgeoisie during the English Revolution.It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labor, with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor.Worldly
pleasures were condemned as harmful.Puritans opposed
churches,squandering property.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）：The movement, on the whole, an expreion of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism, cla inequality, stagnation and prejudices.The enlighteners believed in the power of reason and the watchword was Common Sense.Neo-claicism（新古典主义）：Modeling itself on the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, neoclaicism exalts the virtues of proportion, unity, harmony, grace, taste, manners, and restraint.It values realism and reason over imagination and emotion.Wit and satire flourished in this period, as did the ode and verse written in heroic couplets.Romanticism is a movement prevailing the Western world in the 19th century in literature, art, music and philosophy, beginning as a reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and customs of
neo-claicism to unfetter human spirit.It returned to nature and plain humanity for material.It is a movement of expreion of individual originality.Imagination is highlighted and a dream of golden age is required against stern reality.义）：Critical realists
described with much vividne and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.In their best works, the greed and hypocrisy of the upper claes are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedne of the obscure “simple people” of the lower claes.Humor and satire abound.Without finding a way of solution, they do not point toward revolution but rather evolution or
reformism with happy endings.basic theory of the Aesthetic movement---“art for art’s sake”.Aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to
objective.Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal.Stream of Consciousne（意识流小说）：First, it reveals the action or plot through the mental procees of the
characters.Second, character development is achieved
through revelation of extremely personal and often typical thought procees.Third, the action of the plot seldom corresponds to real
chronological time, but moves back and forth through present time to memories of past
events and dreams of the future.Fourth, it replaces narration, description, and commentary with interior monologue and free aociation.动）：feminism is a belief in the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, and a movement organized around the conviction that biological sex should not be the
pre-determinant factor shaping a person's social identity or socio-political or economic rights.结）：In Greek myth, Oedipus is the king who is said to kill his father and marry his mother.According to Freud, children may have sexual drives subconsciously toward the opposite parent.Here, Oedipus complex refers to that boy’s obseion to his mother.In English literature, Lawrence is the first to introduce male characters’ impotence to females because of mother’s exceive love.（美国）
清教）
The settlements grew out of religious controversy, out of an urge for religious freedom and determination, out of fleeing from religious and political oppreion and persecution, out of human thirst for greater
economic opportunity, for land, and for adventure.American Puritans streed predestination, original sin, total depravity and limited atonement from God’s grace.They built a way of streed hard work, diligence and thrift, piety and sobriety, rigid sense of morality, self-reliance.Transcendentalism（超验主义）
Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary
movement centered in Concord and Boston, which was
prominent in the intellectual and cultural life of New
England from 1836 until just before the Civil War.It strees mode of knowledge grounded in feeling and intuition;self-trust, self-reliance and self-sufficiency;a turn away from modern society;a faith in a divine “Principle”, or “Spirit”, or “Soul”.In gothic novel, there is usually a gloomy castle furnished with dungeon.The typical story focused on the sufferings imposed on an innocent
heroine by a cruel and lustful villain, and made bountiful use of ghosts, mysterious disappearances, and other sensational and supernatural occurrence.The principal aim of such novels was to evoke chilling terror and a variety of horror.
英美文学名词解释1.Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.An allegory is a stor......
1.Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.An allegory is a story with two meani......
A summery of first two leonsFrom the previous claes, we＇ve eentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points......
severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evilsof the poet’s age,– on steadfast loveArtistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more com......
Analysis of Robinson Crusoe2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe ( 1660 ~ 1731 ), known as the father of English novel and the periodical liter......
