第1篇：第17 单元重点知识辅导
罗玉南
1．control的用法
control [k+n'tr+ull] vt．＆ n．控制，调节。例如：
①The drunk man could hardly control his car.那个醉汉几乎抑制不住自己的车。
②At last the car was out of control and knocked at the wall.
最后小汽车失控撞到墙上。
③Can you control yourself when you get very angry with your children?
当你对孩子十分气愤时，你能控制住自己吗？
④The firefighters couldn't control the fire before the house was burnt down.
消防队员控制不住大火，房子被烧毁了。
2．majority
1)majority 作名词，意为“多数，大半”解。
①The company hold a majority of the stock.该公司拥有半数以上的股份。
②The majority will go to him. 多数人会投他的票。
③He was elected by a majority of 120 against 70.
他以120票对70票的多数当雪
2)当用作主语时，要注意主谓一致的问题。一般由of后的名词决定
①The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。
②The majority of the people love peace.大多数人爱好和平。
③The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次损害大部分容易补救。
【注】当把多数看作一个整体与少数人相对比时，用单数动词。
Who says the majority is always able to impose its will on the minority?
谁说大多数人总是能将其意志强加在少数人身上呢？
3)majority 还可表示“成年，法定年龄”。
He will reach his majority next month.下月他将达到法定的成年年龄。
3．see的用法
1)see 作动词，表示“看见，看到”或“见面，会见”。
①Do you see that ship on the horizon?
你看见地平线上的那艘船了吗？
②I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过马路。
③I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他在过马路。
④The prisoner was seen to take the money.
有人看见这个犯人偷了钱。
⑤I don't see much of you these days.这几天我不常见到你。
2)see to sth. 表示“照管，注意，留心等。”
①A specialist has been charged to see to this business.
一个专家已被派来负责此事。
②I must see to getting the dinner ready.
我必须负责把晚餐准备好。
3)see (to it) that 意为“一定要注意做……”。
①I'll see (to it)that your order is carried out at once.
我会注意的，确保您的命令能够立即执行。
②See (to it) that they learn their lesson well.
请注意让他们学好功课(监督他们)。
③I will see that he pays you.我保证一定让他把钱付给你。
4)I see. 的意思是“我明白了”，是在听明白别人说的话时说的。 you see的意思是“你明白，你知道，你瞧”，是在请对方弄清道理过程中说的。
①“We're going to have a table tennis match tomorrow.”“I see.”
“明天我们要进行一场乒乓球赛。”“我明白。”
③You see,鶬 didn't even understand your explanation.
你看，我连你的解释都听不懂。
4．travel,trip,tour,journey,voyage与outing的用法区别
1)travel 通常泛指“旅行”，词义广泛，可以指长期、短期的，不论何种目的，不论使用何种交通工具的旅行，尤指长途的海外旅行。在表示抽象意义的“旅行”时也要使用travel。travels用来表示“包括访问几个地方的一次长时间的旅行、国外旅行”，也用来表示“旅行笔记”。
①He is traveling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行。
②He is fond of travel. 他喜欢旅行。
③Travel is valuable because it gives us a knowledge of foreign peoples.
旅行很有价值，因为它使我们了解外国各民族的情况。
④He has just returned from his travels.他旅行刚回来。
⑤ He wrote a book about his travels. 他写了本游记。
2)trip通常指短期的短程的旅行，尤指暂时到外地办理业务上的事情。
①Mother took me downtown on a shopping trip.母亲带我进城到商店逛了逛。
②We had a trip to the coast last Saturday.上周六我们到海边旅行去了。
③He went on a business trip yesterday.昨天他出差了。
3)tour的意思是“周游、巡视”，常带有根据一定的路线，事先预定了一些逗留地点，最后仍回到出发地。
①He is planning a tour of the world. 他计划周游世界。
②He visited the countries on good-will tours.他对一些国家进行了友好访问。
4)journey 表示“旅行，旅程”，适用范围广，多指陆上旅行。不用于指距离很短的旅行。
①He is away on a journey. 他出门旅行去了。
②It's a long journey from here to the city.从这儿到那个城市路途遥远。
③Wish you a good journey.祝你一路平安。
5)voyage多指“乘船作海上旅行”。
①we had a good voyage. 我作了一次美妙的航行。
②He made a voyage to America. 他航行去美国。
6)outing表示“出游，户外活动”。
①We went on an outing yesterday. 昨天我们去远足。
②They went to go on an outing to seaside. 他们想到海滨玩玩。
5．recognize的用法
recognize['rek+gnaiz] vt. 认出；辨认；承认；意识到。例如：
①Can you recognize his voice over the phone.你能在电话里听出他的声音来吗？
③He recognized me at once when we met yesterday.
当我们昨天见面时，他立刻便认出我来了。
③They don't recognize him as their student.他们不承认他是他们的学生。
④They all recognize that Taiwan belongs to China.他们都承认台湾属于中国。
⑤I didn't recognized that he was right until he explained it again.
直到他再解释后，我才意识到他是对的。
重要词组短语
1．carry out意为“从事；进行”。例如：
①We have carried out our chemical experiment successfully.
我们成功地进行了化学实验。
②They were carrying out an experiment in the lab when I got there.
当我到达那儿时，他们正在实验室做实验。
③In that country,鷗he people were not willing to carry out the instructions of the authorities. 在那个国家，人们不愿意执行当局的命令。
④We'd better carry out more tests on animals at first.
我们最好先在动物身上多做些实验。
2．instead与instead of的用法区别
1)instead为副词，表示“顶替，作为替代”，其字面意思常不译出，而是采用其他灵活方式。多用于句末，也可用于句首。
①I had expected him to say“No”,鷅ut he said“Yes”instead.
我原以为他不会同意，没想到他居然同意了。
②If Harry is not well enough to go with you,鷗ake me instead.
如果Harry不舒服不能跟你去，带我去吧。
②He never studies,鷌nstead,鷋e plays tennis all day.
他从不学习，而是整天打网球。
2)instead of是个短语介词，表示“代替，顶替，而不是……”。
①Instead of the dictinary we wanted,he brought us the wrong one.
我们想要的那本字典他没有带来，却带来了一本我们不要的。
③As he was ill,鶬 went to the meeting instead of him.
因为他病了，我替他去开会。
③You should encourage them instead of throwing cold water on them.
你应当鼓励他们而不该向他们泼冷水。
④You must make up your mind instead of our making our minds for you.
你应该自己下决心而不是我们替你下决心。
④We'll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.
我们将在花园里喝茶，不在屋里。
3．out of work意为“失业”。out of意为“在…之外”，“向…外”；其反义词为into或in。例如：
①The little boy ran out of the room.
那个小男孩跑出了房间。
②He took my books out of my schoolbag.
他把我的书从我书包里拿出来。
③Don't run into the room. 不要往房间里跑。
④Can you put your raincoat in your pocket?
你的口袋能放下雨衣吗？
⑤They are out of work now. 他们现在失业了。
【注意】常见的“out of+名词”构成的短语很多。例如：
out of job 失业鷒ut of breath 气喘吁吁
out of control 失去控制鷒ut of order 乱套了，出毛病了
out of practice 荒疏了鷒ut of patience 不耐烦了
out of repair 无法修了 Out of sight,
out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。
4．talk of,鷗alk about与talk on的用法区别
talk后的介词不同，表示“谈及”的程度也不同。of只表示“涉及”；about表示谈到细节；on兼有议论。
①They talked of the film The Wasted Time.
他们谈到了电影《蹉跎岁月》。
(谈到此电影或仅涉及片名)
②They are talking about the film. 他们在谈论这部电影。
(指涉及故事情节，具体内容)
③They are talking on the film. 他们在谈论这部电影。
(不仅涉及内容、情节，还作出了些评论)
5．play a…part in 起…作用
①Diet plays an important part in the treatment.
饮食在治疗中起重要作用。
②He played an important part in the matter.
他在这件事上起了重要作用。
play a part还可解释为“扮演…角色”。如：
①He played the part of Hamlet.他扮演哈姆雷特这个角色。
②What part did he play? 他扮演什么角色？
part of是“…的一部分”之意，part前如无形容词修饰，通常不加限定词。如：
①Here we are all part of one big family.
在这儿我们是整个大家庭的一部分。
②Parts of the book are interesting. 这本书有些部分很有趣。
part of后可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词。跟复数的可数名词时，谓语动词用复数；跟不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
①Part of his books are gone. 他的一部分书籍已丢失。
②The greater part of what you heard is not true.
你所听到的大部分都是不确实的。
6．as well as的用法
as well as意为“除…外”、“同”、“和”、“并”、“也”，与not only相似，在句子中，它强调的是其前面的内容，请体会下列句子的含义。
①He gave me money as well as advice.
他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
②We shall travel by night as well as by day.
我们将日夜赶路。
③He has got a car as well as a motorbike.
他不但有一辆摩托车，而且有一辆汽车。
④She's clever as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮，而且聪明。
as well as与动词连用时，该动词应变成动名词形式。如：
①She's got a cleaning job at night,鷄s well as working during the day.
她不但白天工作，晚上还当清洁工。
②As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.
他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。
③She sings as well as playing the violin.
她不但会拉小提琴，而且会唱歌。
④The young man speaks French as well as speaking English.
这年轻人不但会讲英语，而且会讲法语。
【注】as well as后接动名词短语，意为“不但…而且…”，若后接从句，则是比较级，两者不可混淆，请看下列例句：
①She sings as well as she plays.她弹得好，唱得也好。
②He speaks French as well as(he speaks)English.
他英语和法语讲得一样好。
as well用于句末的时候，意思与also和too相近，其中as well和too通常用于句末。解释为“也”。如：
①She is not only good at maths,she is good at English as well.
她不但数学好，英语也好。
②He can not only drive motorbike,he can drive bus as well.
他不但会开摩托车，还会开汽车。
③He was in Paris last winter,too.去年冬天他也在巴黎。
④Mary's sister teaches English,too.玛丽的姐姐也教英语。
too除了放在句末外，也可以紧接在主语之后，这样比较正式。
①I,too,know how to work out the maths problem.
我也知道怎样解这个数学难题。
②Sally,too,plays the piano.莎莉也会弹钢琴。
常用句型结构
1．But some people don't want good farmland to be built on.
1)本句实际意义为：
Some people don't want us to build the factory on good agricultural land.
有些人不想让我们把工厂盖在良田上。
2)to be built on是动词不定式的被动式，在句中作宾语land的补足语，当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的承受者时，该不定式常用被动式。如：
①I wanted the letter(to be)typed at once.
我要把这封信马上打好(不是自己打)。
②He didn't expect the book to be so well received.
他没想到这本书会这样受欢迎。
本句话由于结构和意义上的需要，在to be built后还必得有介词on,因为意义上是on good agricultural land而不是built good agricultural land.
类似例句如：
①He didn't like his plan to be laughed at.他不喜欢自己的计划受到嘲笑。(laugh at his plan)
②I'd like the talk to be listened to.
我想(让大伙)听一下这个报告。(listen to the talk)
③I don't want the new pen to be written with.
我不想让这支新钢笔(被人)用来写字。
(to write with the new pen)
2．与speak有关的一些独立结构
1)副词+speaking在句子中常充当独立成分，用逗号隔开。
①Broadly speaking,鷄djectives are words that qualify nouns.
概括地说，形容词是修饰名词的一类词。
②Generally speaking,I think you're right.
一般说来，我认为你是对的。
②I think,鷓ersonally speaking,鷌t's a good idea.
就个人而言，我认为这是个好主意。
2)“to speak+副词”结构，也可以作句子的独立成分。
①To speak frankly,鶬 don't like the idea at all.
老实说，我一点儿也不赞成这个主意。
②To speak generally,youths of eighteen are too young for such work.
一般说来,18岁的青年干这种工作还太年轻。
3)speaking of+名词，表示“说起来“，作用是把你想要说的话与已说过的话连起来。
①Speaking of time,David is probably waiting for us in the lobby.
说起时间，David说不定正在大厅等我们呢。
②Speaking of money,I need to go to the bank.
说到钱，我得去银行。
4)so to speak意思是“可以说，可谓”，有时含夸张意义。
①I'll take the opportunity to ride about the streets to rub shoulders with the local people,鷖o to speak.
我要借这个机会去街上转转，也可以说是去和当地人交往一下。
②He is a wise fool,so to speak.他可以说是个聪明的傻子。
③When the old man comes home in a temper,鷋e turns the whole house upside down,so to speak.
老人闹着脾气回家时，好像要把整个房子翻过来。
3．表示可能性的方法
1)表示可能，可以用likely。常用结构(1)主语+be+likely+动词不定式；(2)It is+likely+that从句。
①He is likely to accept our help.他可能会接受我们的帮助。
②It is quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year.
年底前很可能会作出决定。
2)表示可能还可用possible,鷓robable. 常用于“It is possible/probable that…”结构。
①It is possible that he went there. 他可能去过那里。
②It is probable that he forgot. 很可能他忘记了。
3)情态动词may和might可表示可能性。
①He may come or he may not.他可能来，也可能不来。
②He might come,鷅ut it is very unlikely.
他也许会来，但可能性不大。
4)副词Maybe和perhaps可以表示可能性。
①Maybe it is true. 那也许是真的。
②Perhaps I'll see him tomorrow,but I'm not sure.
也许明天我会见他，不过我不能肯定。
4．What do you think is likely to happen?
你认为可能会发生什么事情？
此句中do you think是一个插入句。请注意位于疑问词后的插入句，这种插入句本身前后无逗号，和整个句子连成一体，插入句后的主句主谓用陈述句的语序。如果整个句子为疑问句，则插入句用一般疑问句的语序。在这种句子中如果我们把插入句移到句子前部去，它就会成为主要成分，而原来句子的主要部分会变成一个从句。如：
①How long did she say she would stay here?
她说她要在这里等多久？
②When do you suppose they will be back?
你认为他们会什么时候回来？
③What do you think I should do first?
你认为我应先做什么呢？
④Who do you hope will come here?你希望谁来这里？
⑤Where did he suggest we should spend our holiday?
他建议我们到哪儿度假？
⑥What performance do you think we should give at the party?
你看我们在晚会上应表演什么节目？
⑦How do you suppose I am to answer the letter?
你认为我怎样答复这封信呢？
上述句子，因为是疑问句，故插入句用疑问句的形式。若整个句子不是疑问句，插入句应采用陈述句语序。如：
①That will be a good beginning,鶬 hope.
希望这是一个良好的开端。
②This is all we have left,鷜ou see.我们就剩这些了，你瞧。
③The soldier who they supposed was dead came back.
他们曾猜想那个战士已经死了，而他却回来了。
另外有一类插入语，对整个一句话进行解释，它可以由不定式、分词短语、介词短语或从句担任。如：
①To tell you the truth,I don't like the film.
说真的，我不喜欢那部电影。(不定式作插入语)
②Judging from your accent,you must be from Shanghai.
从口音上听你准是上海人。(现在分词作插入语)
③This,鷌n my opinion,is a very important question.
在我看来，这是个很重要的问题。(介词短语作插入语)
④Luckily for him,鷋is stepmother was kind to him.
幸运的是，他继母对他很好。(副词作插入语)
⑤Sure enough,Tom made the same mistake again in his composition.
果然，汤姆在作文中又犯了同样的错误。(形容词短语作插入语)
⑥You are not quite fit for the job,if I may say so.
如果我可以这样说的话，你做这工作并不合适。(从句作插入语)
例句⑥中的插入语类似一个条件状语从句，所不同的是与句子关系不密切，拿掉之后句子照样完整，它不修饰哪一个词，而是对主句所表达的内容作补充说明或表示看法。故有人称之为状语从句。
第2篇：第18单元重点知识辅导
罗玉南
重点词语用法
1．lay的用法
lay[lei]vt. 放置；摆放。它是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均为laid。例如：
①He laid the envelope on the table.他把信封放在桌子上。
②She was ill and laid herself in bed all day long.
她病了，整天躺在床上。
③Please lay these desks along,鷑ot across.
这些书桌请顺着放，别横着放。
④In order to lay a solid foundation they work hard at English.
为了打下坚实的基础，他们刻苦地学习英语。
⑤The boy lying on the ground lied that he had laid the dictionary on the table.
躺在地板上的那个男孩谎称他把词典放在桌子上了。
2．动词book的用法
book[buk] vt. 订(票、座位、房间等)。例如：
①I have booked a room on the first floor.
我已经在一楼订了个房间。
②Have they booked ticket for the wonderful film?
他们已经订了那部精彩影片的票了吗？
③You can book the seats for the theatre in the early morning.
一大早你就可以预定剧院的座位。
④I want to book the plane ticket to Jinan.
我想订张去济南的飞机票。
3．determine的用法
determine [di't+min]v.其后通常接不定式短语、从句或介词短语，意为“决心，决定”(=decide; make up one's mind)。例如：
①We determined to finish the work ahead of time.
我们决定提前完成工作。
②I haven't determined when we will hold the meeting.
我还没有决定什么时候召开这次会议。
③Did he determine on an early start?他决定早点动身了吗？
【注意】determine的过去分词形式determined通常用作表语，其后跟不定式短语或从句。例如：
①If he is determined to do something,鷑obody can stop him from doing so.
如果他决定做某事，任何人也无法阻止他去做。
②All the students in our class are determined to learn English well.
我班所有的同学都决心学好英语。
③His brother was determined to give us some advice on English grammar.
他哥哥决定给我们提一些关于英语语法的建议。
④Our teacher was determined that no one should fall behind this term.
我们老师下决心这学期不让一个人掉队。
4．promise的用法
promise['pr&mis] vt.“答应；允诺”。其后通常可跟名词、代
词、不定式或that从句等。例如：
①They promised an immediate help.他们答应立即给予帮助。
②He promised us a present for our party.
他答应晚会上送我们一件礼物。
③I promised to help the people in need of help.
我答应帮助那些需要帮助的人们。
④I promise my daughter that I shall buy her a new toy in Beijing.
我答应我女儿给她在北京买一件新玩具。
⑤He that promises too much means nothing.
[谚语]许愿太多的人是不打算兑现的。
5．absent
1)absent是形容词，相当于not present,away，作“不在，缺席”解，常用作表语。
absent from school 未到校 absent from work 未上班
absent from duty 缺勤鷄bsent on business 因事缺勤
absent on a tour 外出旅游鷄bsent with leave 请假缺席
absent without leave 无故缺席
2)其名词形式为absence。
①His repeated absence is worrying.他一再缺课令人担忧。
②In the absence of the manager,I shall be in charge.经理不在时，由我负责。
3)absence of mind是“心不在焉”的意思。absent-minded意为“心不在焉的，健忘的”，用作形容词。
①It was absence of mind that made him insensible to all that was passing around him.
由于他心不在焉，他一点也不知道周围发生的事。
②He became absent-minded with age.
因上了年纪他变得丢三落四的。
6．consider
1)consider作“考虑”解时，后面接动名词或从句，不可接不定式。
①He considered going to see them in person.
他考虑亲自去看望他们。
②Have you considered how you could get there?
你是否考虑过如何到哪儿。
2)consider 作“认为”解时可接从句或不定式复合结构。
①We considered that you are not to blame.我们认为不该责怪你。
②We considered him(to be) the best.我们认为他最好。
③She is considered to lack experience.人们认为她经验不足。
④He will be considered a wise leader.
他将会被认为是个明智的领导。
7．holiday ＆ vacation
1)通常情况下，我们用单数holiday表示一两天的短假期，较长时间的多用 a holiday或 holidays.
① We've got a holiday next month. 下月我们休假。
②I had to work on Bank Holiday Monday.
星期一公休，可是我还得上班。
③Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)?
夏季假期你去哪儿？
2)以下词组中总用单数：
three weeks' holiday,鷒n holiday,on vacation.
3)vacation 在英国英语中用于大学的假期。在美国英语中用来指长时期的休假才用 vacation.
8．名词way的几种用法
way在这里作“方法”解释，只有单数形式，其前的介词用in，不能用by或with,如 way前面有this,that或形容词性物主代词时，介词可省去。如：
①He always speaks in a careless way.
他说起话来总是漫不经心。
②Do it any way you like.你爱怎么干就怎么干。
③I think you are putting it together the wrong way.
我认为你把它装错了。
④You should do it(in) his way.
你应该按照他的方式去做这件事。
⑤Do it(in) your own way if you don't like my way.
如果你不喜欢我的方式，按照你自己的方式做那件事吧！
⑥The work must be finished(in)one way or another.
这件工作必须设法做好。
way作为“方法”、“方式”解释时，其后可跟不定式或of短语作定语。两者基本相同。如：
①Man is trying to find ways to stop pollution.
人类正努力寻找制止污染的方法。
②He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一个别出心裁的方式使他的课生动有趣。
③There is no way to prove he was stealing money.
无法证明他在偷钱。
④There is no way of getting in touch with her.
无法与她取得联系。
但要注意 way of后面不能接名词，如后接名词，则不用 way of,而要用 means of来代替。如：
①I've tried all possible means of communication.
我已经用了一切可能的联系办法。
(此句不能说…ways of communication)
②We express our thoughts by means of language.
我们通过语言表达思想。(不能说 ways of language)
请注意 in the way和 on the way的区别，in the way意为“障碍”，或阻止你到想去的地方的人或物；on the way意为“在途中”。试比较：
①Don't stand in the way. 别挡路(或不要妨碍人)。
②Let's not stop too often on the way.
咱们别老在途中停留了。
重要词组短语
1．in charge of ＆ in the charge of
1)in charge of sth.意为“负责某事”。
①He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
经理不在，他负责这家商店。
②Mary is in charge of the baby.玛丽负责照料这个婴儿。
2)in the charge of sb. 意为“在某人的掌管之下”。
①This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.
此间病房由格林医生负责。
②The patients are in the charge of Dr. Wilson.
这些病人由威尔逊大夫治疗。
2．in common意为“与……有共同之处；和……一样”；“共有；公用”。
例如：
①They have the same teacher,so they have many things in common.
他们同出一师，所以有许多共同之处。
②In common with her mother,she is good at singing and dancing.
和她妈妈一样，她擅长唱歌和跳舞。
③The teacher in our group have books and dictionaries in common.
我们组的老师公用这些书和词典。
④My brother and I have the motor in common.
我和哥哥共有这辆摩托车。
3．get in touch with 意为“与……取得联系”；lose touch with意为“丧失了与……的联系”；keep in touch with意为“与……保持联系”。例如：
①We have got in touch with each other by telephone.
我们已经通过电话联系上了。
②They had great trouble in getting in touch with their father abroad.
他们费了很大劲才与国外的爸爸取得了联系。
③They keep in touch with each other by mail.
他们通过写信保持联系。
④We have made many foreign friends but we have lost touch with some of them.
我们认识许多外国朋友，但是有些已经丧失了联系。
4．worry about(trouble about)意为“担心；烦恼”，常与名词、代词或动词-ing形式连用。例如：
①Don't worry about my health,鶬 can take good care of myself.
不要为我的健康担心，我会照顾好自己的。
②It seemed as if the young man had something to worry about.
那个年轻人好象在为什么事发愁。
③First of all,鷇on't worry about being short.
首先，不要为个矮烦恼。
【注意】worry的形容词形式为worried,意为“焦虑的，烦恼的，担心的”。例如：
①He has a worried look. 他有一副烦恼的样子。
②What's the matter? Why do you look so worried?
有什么事？你为什么看上去这样焦虑？
5．turn up 意为“来(开会、赴约等)，出席”。例如：
①He was expecting her at ten,鷅ut she didn't turn up.
他指望她十点来，她却没来。
②They didn't turn up because they failed to catch the first bus.
由于没有赶上早班汽车，他们没有来。
③They were very glad I turned up so early.
他们很高兴我来得这么早。
④There are 150 people to turn up for the conference.
将有150人参加这次会议。
【注意】turn up还通常作“(把收音机等)开大点”解。例如：
①Turn up the radio a little in order that I can hear the programme .
把收音机音量开大一点，以便我能听见节目。
②They closed the door and turned up the lamp.
他们关上门，把灯拨亮了一些。
6．or rather 意为“或者”
当我们想要纠正已经说过的话，或欲使已说过的话更确切，我们常用or rather 这一表达方式。如：
①He is a writer,鷒r rather a novelist.
他是一个作家，或者更确切地说是一位小说家。
②The building is like a palace,鷒r rather a temple.
这幢建筑物象一座宫殿，或者更确切地说象一座庙宇。
③He worked till late last night,鷒r rather,鷈arly this morning.
他昨晚一直工作到深夜，或者更确切地说，到今天凌晨。
④Karl is very clever,鷒r rather a hardworking boy.
卡尔很聪明，或者更确切地说是一个很勤奋的孩子。
7．be up to的用法
1)be up to 意为“从事于”、“忙于”， to 是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。如：
①What is he up to? 他在做什么？
②What tricks has she been up to?她一直在玩什么把戏？
③He is up to no good.他正在做无益之事。
④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.
去看看这些顽皮男孩在做什么？
2)be up to sb. 意为“应由某人负责”，常用 It作主语。如：
①It is up to you to decide whether to go or stay.
该由你来决定是走还是留。
②It's up to us to give them all the help we can.
我们理应尽力给他们帮助。
②It is up to me to get the four of us moving.
该由我来召集我们四个人行动起来。
④It's up to you to choose where we should go.
我们要去的地点由你负责选择。
3)be up to亦可作“胜任”、“适于”解释。
①He is not up to his work.他不胜任他的工作。
②I don't feel up to going to work today.
我今天有点不适，不去工作了。
③This new book of Green's isn't up to his last.
格林的这本新书不及他本人的前一本书。
④The product is up to standard. 这产品符合标准。
4)be up to还可作“直到”、“以至”解释。如：
up to now直到现在
count from one up to twenty从一数到二十
常用句型结构
1．The first person is angry about something.
be angry with sb. for/about sth./doing sth.为某事与某人生气/恼火。如：
①I was angry with myself for making such stupid mistake.
我因为犯了这么蠢的错误而生自己的气。
②Don't be angry with me for not having written back.
别因为我没写回信而生我的气。
③What are you angry about? 你生的是哪门子气？
④He was angry at finding that nothing has been done.
他发现什么也没干而感到生气。
⑤I got very angry at what he said.
我对他说的话感到很恼火。
2．与rather有关的几个句式
1)would/had rather do,表示主观上的愿望和选择，意为“宁愿……”。
①I would rather not go out tonight,鷌f you don't mind.
如果你不介意，我今晚宁愿不出去。
②I'd rather stay at home and watch TV.
我宁愿留在家里看电视。
③Which would you rather have,tea or coffee?你喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡？
2)had/would rather + sb. + 动词过去式。意为“宁愿某人做某事”。表示对于现在或将来的一种愿望。
①I had rather you did it. 我宁愿你做了这事。
②You always go without me,鷄nd I'd rather you didn't.
你总是不带我去，我可不愿意你这样。
③--Tony is leaving by the 10 o'clock train.
--I'd rather he left on an earlier train.
“托尼将乘10点的火车离开。”“我倒宁愿他乘前一班火车。”
3)had/would rather sb. +动词的过去完成式，意为“宁愿某人曾做过某事”，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
①I'd rather he had told me about it.
我倒宁愿他告诉了我这件事。
②I've spent too much money on travelling.I'd rather you hadn't.
我在旅游上花费太大。但愿你没有这样做。
4)would/had rather do than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”表示选择偏爱前者。
①I would rather try and fail than gave up the plan.
我宁愿试了失败了，也不愿放弃计划。
③He had rather give up his house than sell his car.
他宁愿放弃房屋，也不愿卖车。
5)prefer to do rather than do. 意为“宁愿……而不愿”。
①I prefer to work rather than remain idle.
我宁愿工作，也不愿闲着。
②I prefers to write to her rather than telephone her.我喜欢写信给她，而不愿打电话给她。
第3篇：第19单元重点知识辅导
罗玉南
重点词语用法
1．march的用法
1)march可用作动词，表示“行进，前进”。
①They marched in and took over the town.
他们进占了这个镇子。
②The army has marched thirty miles today.
部队今天行军三十英里。
③We are marching on science and technology.
我们正向科学技术进军。
2)march也可用作名词，意为“行军，行进”，也指“示威游行。”
①It was a long and difficult march.
这是一次艰难的长途行军。
②It was a day's march from the city to the camp.
从城市到营地是一天的行程。
③It is a pea
第4篇：心理学重点知识辅导
2010年山东省教师资格证考试教育心理学重点知识辅导
1、中学教育心理学是研究中学情境中学与教的基本心理规律的科学。应用心理学的一种(如何学、如何教以及学习与教学之间的相互作用)。
2、中学教育心理学的研究内容：学生、教师、教学内容、教学媒体、教学环境,学习过程、教学过程、评价/反思过程。
3、美国教育心理学的发展：初创时期（20世纪20年代以前）；发展时期（20世纪20年代到50年代末）成熟时期（20世纪60年代到70年代末）；完善时期（20世纪80年代后。）
4、初创时期：1903年，美国桑代克出版了《教育心理学》，这是西方第一本以“教育心理学”命名的专著。标志着教育心理学的正式诞生。
5、美国教育心理学理论的发展新趋势？
（1）研究领域已从行为主义转向认知心理学，即由s-R范式转向认知范式；（2）在
