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轻松教学 学有所得——谈间接引语教案的简要设计
直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech & Reported Speech)，尤其间接引语是中学阶段的重点语法项目和高频考点。教师必须精心钻研和设计教案，让学生轻松学习，学有所得。为此，笔者结合教学实践做了以下尝试，相信对师生都大有裨益。
Step 1 目标任务——间接引语的含义、特征与用法
1、“直接引语”即直接引述别人的话 ,前后有引号；“间接引语”即用 ___________的话___________别人的话，不用引号；
2、直接引语转换为间接引语的特点：人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语要作相应的变化（详见八年级教材下册语法部分的变化表）；
3、直接引语转换为间接引语有两种结果：（1）宾语从句（2）宾补结构
4、宾语从句“三要素”：连词、语序、时态
（1）连词的确定：根据直接引语的句型而定。分为三类：一是that型，即 句作宾语从句，用that引导, 本身没意义, 常可省略；二是 if/whether(是否)型，即_____________作宾语从句时的连词；三是wh-型，即______________作宾语从句, 直接用原来的特殊疑问词作连词；
（2）语序：所有的宾语从句都用陈述语序即“主谓”顺序；
（3）时态：宾语从句的时态根据主句而定：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句则用实际需要的时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的“过去”某种时态；
5、例解：把下列各句变成间接引语
(1)He said, “I like reading English loudly very much.”(2)“ Are you interested in English?” the teacher asks us.(3)Mother said to me, “When will you finish your homework?” Step 2 合作探究——间接引语 / 宾语从句的高频考点
1、that型宾语从句，通常that可以省略，但是由but / and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that；
2、客观真理作宾语从句，其时态不受主句影响，经常用一般现在时态；
3、if和when的双重功能：即if(是否)引导宾语从句与if(如果)引导条件状语从句;when(何时)引导宾语从句与when(当…时)引导时间状语从句;必须注意的是它们在引导状语从句时，若主句为祈使句或一般将来时态，从句须使用一般现在时态；
4、what, who, which等连词兼作从句主语的情况；
5、直接引语转换为间接引语时, say(to)常需要改为tell , ask或advise等；
6、祈使句改为间接引语时常构成宾补结构即ask/tell/order sb(not)to do;
7、一般疑问句作宾语从句时连词if与whether的区别：
两者通常可以互换，但在下列几种情况下，不可用if 取代whether.（1）当whether与or not连用时。例如：
I don’t know whether or not they will come for our help.（2）whether用在不定式前面时。例如： She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.（3）whether引导的从句放在句首时。例如： Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.（4）当whether引导的从句作介词的宾语时。例如： The students talked about whether they would go to the movies.Step 3 能力闯关——中考链接 I.Choose the best answer.()1.I think _______ is very interesting to learn Grammar Reported Speech.A.this B.that C.it()2.Tom said ____ he shouldn’t copy others’ homework and ____ he should do it by himself.A.that, / B./, that C./, /()3.He asked me _______ I could help him with his English.A.that B.if C.weather()4.Could you tell us __________? A.when the ship leaves B.when does the ship leave C.when will the ship leave()5.I don’t know if Sccot________ tomorrow if he _______ , I’ll call you.A.will come, will come B.comes, will come C.will come, comes()6.Jim asked me ____________.A.what wrong was with my watch B.what wrong with my watch was C.what was wrong with my watch()7.Mrs.Zhou told us that light ________ much faster than sound.A.travels B.went C.moved()8.Mrs.Jiang often asked her students __________ in cla.A.didn’t talk B.not talk C.not to talk()9.My father was worried about __________ I can pa my Unlash exam.A.whether B.if C.what()10.She told me that they ________ the Great Wall the next week.A.will visit B.would visit C.are visiting II.Put the following into reported speech.1.Where does she live? Could you tell me?
2.“Can you wash your clothes yourself?” Tom asked his girlfriend.3.“Don’t be so loud,” the man said to the children.4.The teacher said, “ the sun is a lot bigger than the moon.”
5.“What’s in the bedroom?” asked Mary.6.Mom said to me, “will you go to see your grandma or not?”
7.“Who are you waiting for? / Who is waiting for you?” Jack asked Lana.Step 4教学评价——课后反思
1、学生评价：对于该项内容，我（能、基本能、不能）掌握，打算怎么办？
2、教师评价：该堂课是否成功？有何得失？将会采取什么措施？ 3． 参考答案： Step 1 1.自己，转述 4.陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句 5．(1)He said that he liked reading English loudly very much.(2)The teacher asks us if / whether we are interested in English.(3)Mother asked me when I would finish my homework.Step 3 I.1-5CBBAC 6-10CACAB II.1.Could you tell me where she lives? 2.Tom asked his girlfriend if / whether she could wash her clothes herself.3.The man told / asked the children not to be so loud.4.The teacher said that the sun is a lot bigger than the moon.5.Mary asked what was in the bedroom.6.Mom asked me whether I would go to see my grandma or not.7.Jack asked Lana who she was waiting for / who was waiting for her
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