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一.宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that(that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that
可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可
省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.定 语 从 句
一、基本概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;
关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如：
He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：
The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book(which/that)I bought last week?
注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3． 作定语用whose, 如：
(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)
4． 作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：
1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room,city, town, country等，如：
英语八类状语从句的用法归纳
一、概说
状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。
2.表示“当„时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是：while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用 when；当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时，只能用 as。另外，用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A：
“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If
3.until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到…才”。如：
He waited until she was about to leave.他等着一直到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone.他走了后我才开始工作。
4.表示“一„就”除用 as soon as 外，还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如：
I came immediately you called.你一来电话我就来了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.她刚到就下起雪来了。The moment I have finished I'll give you a call.我一干完就给你打电话。
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