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维多利亚女王 Queen Victoria 伊丽莎白女王 Queen Elizabeth 迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland 天佑女王 God Save the Queen 君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy 星条旗 The Star-Spangled Banner 英国上议院 House of lords 英国下议院 House of commons 美国参议院 US House of Representatives 美国众议院 US Senate 嘉德勋章 The Most Noble Order of the Garter 印度之星勋章 The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India 执政党 Ruling party 反对党 Opposition Party 影子内阁 Shadow Cabinet 国务卿 Secretary of State 唐宁街 Downing Street 唐人街 Chinatown 圣帕特里克 St.Patrick's Day 圣乔治 St George’s Day 沙夫茨伯里大街 Shaftesbury avenue 圣安德鲁 St Andrews 自由女神 Statue of Liberty 英国首相 Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service 西敏寺 Westminster Abbey 圣米迦勒 Michaelis 天主教 Catholic Church 东正教 Orthodox Church 清教 Puritan 新教 Protestantism 杜莎夫人蜡像馆 Madame Tuaud's 圣公会 Anglican Church 华尔街 Wall Street 百老汇 Broadway 帝国大街 Britannia Street 帝国大厦 The Empire state building 伦敦电影节:London Film Festival ABC：American Broadcasting Company（美国广播公司）VOA：Voice of America（美国之音）
CNN：Cable News Network（美国有线电视新闻网）英国首相：David William Donald Cameron（戴维·卡梅伦）
副首相：Nick Clegg（尼克・克莱格）美国总统：贝拉克·奥巴马（Barack Obama）美国副总统：约瑟夫·拜登（Joseph Robinette）
澳大利亚 英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II）总理：托尼·阿博特（Tony Abbott）
加拿大：英国女王伊丽莎白二世（Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II）加拿大总理：史蒂芬·哈珀（Stephen Harper）英国外交大臣：威廉·黑格（William Hague）
美国外交部长及国务卿：约翰·福布斯·克里（John Forbes Kerry）澳大利亚外交部长:Julie Bishop(朱莉·毕晓普)
加拿大现任外交官：罗伯特·道格拉斯·尼克尔森（Robert Douglas Nicholson）
英美单词拼写差异：
1,英语单词中不发音的词尾-me,-ue在美语拼写中被删除.英语拼法 美语拼法
公斤 kilogramme——kilogram 方案 programme——program 目录 catalogue——catalog 序言 prologue——prolog 类似的 analogue——analog 2,英语中的以-our结尾的单词,在美语中删去了不发音的字母u.英语拼法 美语拼法
举止、行为 behaviour——behavior 特别喜爱的 favourite——favorite 荣誉 honour——onor 幽默 humour——humor
3,英语中以-re结尾,读音为/e/的单词,在美语中改为-er结尾,读音不变.英语拼法 美语拼法 中心 centre——center 公尺 metre——meter 升 litre——liter
纤维 fibre——fiber 剧场 theatre——theater
颜色 colour——color 风味 flavour——flavor 劳动 labour——labor
对话 dialogue——dialog 独白 monologue——monolog 4,英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词,在美语中改为-ense结尾,读音仍为/ns/.英语拼法 美语拼法 防御 defence——defense 执照 licence——license
犯法行为 offence——offense 托词 pretence——pretense 5英语中一些以－ise为结尾的单词，在美语中改为－ize结尾，读音仍这/z/.英语拼法 美语拼法
组织 organise——organize,actualise——actualize 实现 realise——realize
创作 improvise ——improvize 现代化 modernise——modern ize 专攻 Specialise——specialize 受欢迎 Popularise——popularize 6一些以l结尾的单词变形时，美式不双写l;英式双写l 旅游 travelling——traveling 英国大学四种种类：
1、Ancient university
Red brick university2、New university3、Modern university4、Open university 英国中学的四种种类：
私立学校（independent school）普通中学（comprehensive school）文法学校（grammar school）学院制中学（academy）三位一体教义：
the union of three persons(Father, Son, and Holy Ghost)in one Godhead, or the threefold personality of the one Divine Being.星座：
白羊座----Aries 金牛座-----Taurus 双子座-----Gemini
巨蟹座----Cancer 狮子座----Leo
处女座----Virgo
天秤座-----Libra
天蝎座----Scorpio 射手座----Sagittarius 山羊座----Capricorn 水瓶座-----Aquarius
吵架 quarrelling——quarreling 双鱼座------Pisces 生肖：
1.Rat 鼠 2.Ox 牛 3.Tiger 虎
4.Rabbit 兔
5.Dragon 龙 6.Serpent 蛇 7.Horse 马 8.Goat 羊 9.Monkey 猴 10.Rooster 鸡 11.Dog 狗 12.Swine 猪
希腊罗马诸神：
宙斯(Zeus)天神
赫拉(Hera)天后
雅典娜(Athena)智慧女神，女战神 阿波罗(Apollo)太阳神
潘(Pan)山林之神
维纳斯(Venus）萨坦 Saturn 丘比特(Cupid)美国两大新闻社：
美国联合通讯社 The Aociated Pre(AP)合众国际社
United Pre-International(UPI)两大财团：
摩根财团(Morgan Financial Group)第一花旗银行财团First Nation city bank Financial Group 两大航空公司：
美国航空(American Airlines)美国联合航空公司（United Airlines）
1.贵族头衔
公爵：duke
候爵：Marquis
伯爵：earl
子爵：viscount 男爵：baron 2.祝酒词
Bottoms up 干杯！
Prosit 祝妳健康！祝妳成功！
Bon appetite 喫好！Sainte 干杯！
Down the hatch!干杯！3.英语期刊种类
Sorts of periodicals 各种各样的期刊
Commercial periodicals 商业期刊 Catchall periodicals
包罗万象的期刊Technical periodicals
科技期刊
Special periodicals
专业期刊
Entertaining periodicals
娱乐性期刊 4.莎士比亚作品
Hamlet 哈姆雷特
Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶
As You Like It 皆大欢喜
Much Ado about Nothing无事生非 The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记 5.狄更斯作品
《荒凉山庄》 Bleak House
《艰难时世》
Hard Times
《小杜丽》 Little Dorrit 《美国纪行》American Notes 《圣诞颂歌》A Christmas Carol 6.海明威作品
《老人与海》The Old Man and the Sea 《岛在湾流中》Islands in the Stream 《伊甸园》The Garden of Eden 《曙光示真》True At First Light 《在我们的时代里》In Our Time 7.英国酒吧的种类
Public bar or pub 大众酒吧
Saloon bar 雅座酒吧 private bar 私人酒吧
lounge bar 高級酒吧 Beer garden 啤酒花園 8.剧院的种类（3种）1.State--owned theatres : Opera House National Theatre 2.Commercial theatres : Theatre Piccadilly Theatre Theatre 3．Experimental theatres
4.2英国美国电影分级：
美国
G级：General Audiences: All ages admitted PG级(Parental Guidance Suggested: Some material may not be suitable for children.R级 Restricted: Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian 英国
U级 General Audiences: All ages admitted PG“级 Parental Guidance UC级 Especially suitable for children to watch 12级 Suitable for more than 12 years old or adult 15级 Suitable for more than 15 years old or adult 18级 Suitable for more than 18 years old or adult
4.3 七宗罪：
傲慢（Pride），嫉妒（Envy），暴怒（Wrath），懒惰（Sloth），贪婪（Greed），饕餮（Gluttony），以及贪欲（Lust）
Pride is the feeling that they have that they are better or more important than other people.Envy is the feeling you have when you wish you could have the same thing or quality that someone else has.Wrath is strong fierce anger especially based on the desire to punish sb for harm done to oneself.Sloth is lazine, especially with regard to work.Greed is the desire to have more of something, such as food or money, than is neceary or fair.Gluttony is the act or habit of eating too much and being greedy.Lust is a feeling of strong sexual desire for someone.4.4．美国主要政党
1.Republican Party（共和党）
Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury Federalists Federal Party The Whigs Grand Old Party 2.Democratic Party（民主党）
Thomas Jefferson Secretary of State Anti--Federalist
Democratic –Republican Party
4.5--英国的桂冠诗人：
本·琼森（Ben Jonson）1619—1637
威廉·达韦南特（Sir William D'Avenant）1638—？ 约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）1668—1689 托马斯·沙德韦尔（Thomas Shadwell）1689—1692 内厄姆·泰特（Nahum Tate）1692—1715 尼古拉斯·罗（Nicholas Rowe）1715—1718 劳伦斯·尤斯登（Laurence Eusden）1718—1730 科利·西伯（Colley Cibber）1730—1757 威廉·怀特黑德（William Whitehead）1757—1785 托马斯·沃顿，(Thomas Warton)1785—1790 亨利·詹姆斯·派伊（Henry James Pye）1790—1813 罗伯特·骚塞，(Robert Southey)1813—1843 威廉·华兹华斯，(William Wordsworth)1843—1850 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生，(Alfred Tennyson)1850—1892(丁尼生死后，4年没有选定桂冠诗人)阿尔弗雷德·奥斯丁（Alfred Austin）1896—1913 罗伯特·布里吉斯（Robert Bridges）1913—1930 约翰·梅斯菲尔德（John Masefield）1930—1967 塞西尔·戴·刘易斯（Cecil Day Lewis）1968—1972 约翰·贝杰曼（John Betjeman）1972—1984 泰德·休斯（Ted Hughes）1984—1998 安德鲁·姆辛（Andrew Motion）1999—2009 卡罗尔·安·达菲（Carol Ann Duffy）2009年5月被任命为桂冠诗人，任期为十年。达菲也是英国首位女性桂冠诗人。
5.1中西礼仪的理解
The etiquette becomes more and more important in modern daily life.Etiquette is the proce and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures.Etiquette also can be said to be a person‟s external appearance of inward cultivation and quality.People take it as a standard to balance a person‟s self-cultivation.There are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony, especially between China and the West.The jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding are not unusual.this shows that the understanding of different etiquette between Chinese and the westerners is absolutely neceary.Along with the constant development of Chinese culture and the western culture, Chinese ritual and the western ritual are fusions.the westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings.Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the western culture and etiquette style.The difference between Chinese etiquette and the western etiquette.There are three main differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette.The first one is different origins of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette.In China, etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony.In the West, the word „etiquette‟ used to mean “keep your feet away from the gra”.The second one is the differences of cultural backgrounds.The third one is the differences of educations.5.2中西方餐饮文化的理解
The differences between the Chinese and Western dietary culture are derived from the difference in their ways of thinking and philosophy of life.Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, pattern, and nature.We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested.First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts.Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardle of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be aured.It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character.In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast.Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life.The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization.Chinese and Western food culture‟s collision and exchange have largely promoted the progre and development of human society to some degree , making the dietary culture become an important part of world culture.By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west.And we can also improve and create the culture of China.5.3英美文化差异：（英国和美国是同一语言分离的两个国家）Difference between British and American Culture Two countries divided by a common language: the use of English & shared history makes people think the two are close, but there are a lot of very real cultural differences.Britain is a traditional European country with long historical tradition continuity, The British tends to be conservative, and behaves like a gentleman.However, The United States is a nation of immigrants, is a young country.So, the Americans dare to innovate and stre emphasis on personal value.British English is conservative and rigorous.The way of spelling in American English is more concise and practical than that in British English, they would ignore the letter in writing if the letter was not pronounced, which makes words short and easy to spell.At table, the British people pays special attention to table manners, such as, they shouldn‟t talk at table, shouldn‟t beat tableware as well.They have a strict requirement on how to use knives and forks.While Americans on the relatively few occasions will do so, they like fast and convenient food, they do not require delicate or luxury dinner but they pay more attention to popular food.We can see that the British are sensitive, restrained, conservative, they tend to be rational rigorous and gentlemanly.By comparison, Americans are warm and cheerful, bold and frank.They are with a spirit of adventure and innovation.5.4英美剧在中国受欢迎的原因
Compared to national productions，American TV series have a certain freshne to us.Obviously, the American TV series are much more attractive than TV series in China.First, the structure of them is better because every series can have a chance to improve by getting response from the audience.Second, they cost a large sum of money so that they can give us more beautiful and amazing scenes which will with them make us fall in love.Third, the ideas that American TV series are shown are creative and brave.They can expre anything they want to people and that is what Chinese TV series can't be.And the stories they are made are colorful, extensive, and flexible.And last, the characters on American TV are always well-dreed and carefully made up.The level of them are also much higher than Chinese actors.In addition, the American TV series are popular in China also benefited from the rise of all kinds of new media platforms, the American TV series creative attitude quite strict, a lot of work on the background details of the story can withstand strict scrutiny;the American TV series to be very particular about the quality of the production.And style of national TV series is single, while the Anglo-American TV series style varied, and the special effects is also better.二
In the history, there is a closely relationship between Britain and America.However, because of the different history, geography and the change of time, the two countries have developed different characters.In general, British people tend to be calm and quiet, but American people tend to be enthusiastic and active.Firstly, British people are reserved;they seldom talk with a stranger.By contrast, American people are talkative and easy-going.They are willing to make a friend with a stranger.Secondly, British people are more conservative.They are proud of their father‟s or grandfather‟s achievements and they focus on their living cla.Besides, British people pay little attention to other people and other countries because within their hearts, they look down on the others.American people are risk-takers, they like changes and challenges.They would like to travel around the world to seek opportunities.In their opinion, succe relies on personal efforts.They are more independent than British people.5.5英语在中国流行的原因：
Overall, China's rapid economic development, led to China from young to old may have contact with foreigners, as the most widely used language in the English language is inevitable.Specifically, in the economic globalization today, the people of all ethnic groups between culture, economy constantly and penetration.While in this form under the influence, English learning becomes brook no delay.Only by understanding the other language can understand a culture of the other side, can learn from each other, and even is the use of such language advantage to work hard but his career.Especially now, English country especially the United States dominated the world economy dominant position, this also led to the popularity of English results.Many parents now pay attention to the urine of bilingual teaching.I think this kind of phenomenon is in after a long period of time will exist.The heat should continue
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