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第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题三分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第十五篇
Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay1
Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were le likely to fall ill.The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a“positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnees.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happine boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being le troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.“People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus, “explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Camegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.“And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illne as being le severe.” Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed le susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style".Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.0ver the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected
objective data, like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were le likely to develop a cold.词汇：
bay/ n．绝境，穷途末路 flu／n.流行性感冒
virus/n．病毒 disposition/ n．本性，性情 psychosomatic/adj.身心的 boost /vt＆n．提高，举起 scratchy/adj.刺痛的，使人发痒的 runny/adj.流黏液的 Pittsburgh/n．匹兹堡（美国城市）colleague/n．同事 susceptible/adj.易感的，敏感的 catch／vt.感染到
trait / n．特质；特性 perceive/vt.发觉，觉察；理解 energetic/adj.精力充沛的，精神饱满的 easy-going／adj．随和的 tense/adj．紧张的 hostile/adj.敌意的nasal/adj．鼻的 ache/n．（长时间连续的）疼痛，酸痛 sneeze/打喷嚏 congestion/n.充血
mucus／n.黏液 woe/n.痛苦，苦恼；（复）灾难，苦头 注释：
1．Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay：情绪乐观的人不易患感冒o warm people原意是“热心肠的人，情绪高昂的人”，keep/hold．．at bay是“使„„走投无路，不使„„接近”的意思，因此本题目如果直译则是“情绪高昂的人可能让感冒不能得逞”或“情绪高昂的人可能远离感冒” 或“情绪高昂的人可能拒感冒于千里之外”。
2．staying positive：保持积极向上（的情绪）
3．exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus：使健康的志愿者接触感冒（病毒）或流感病毒expose原意是“使暴露，使面临”，这里expose sb.to sth．是“使„„接触„„”的意思。
4．sunny disposition：乐观开朗的个性
5．positive emotional style：乐观情绪型，情绪积极型 6．scratchy throat：嗓子痛
7．susceptible to：对„„敏感的，容易受到„„影响的 8．as to：关于，至于 练习 : 1.According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think A.that their illne is very serious.B.that their illne is not so serious.C.that they do not get any illne at all.D.that the illne they get is not a mild one.2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A.happy.B.selfish.C.easy-going.D.energetic.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have? A.Hostile.B.Unhappy.C.Warm-blooded.D.Tense.4.How did the researchers test their volunteers? A.By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.B.By giving everyone a medicine that help leen the probability of catching cold.C.By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.D.By investigating everyone's characteristics, interests and hobbies.5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the
researchers collected? A.Mucus production.B.Aches and pains.C.Sneezing or congestion.D.Blood test.答案与题解：
1．B 本题答案来自第三段，其中第二句说：“当他们的确患感冒时，他们认为病情并不太严重”。
2．B 选项A、C、D在第五段第二句均提到，只有B项没提到，而且从逻辑推理，情绪乐观的人绝不会是“自私自利”的人。
3．C 选项A、B、D也均在第五段第二句提到，而C项“热情洋溢”也不应属于情绪低落、消极的人所应有的性格特征。
4．A 第六段第一句说的就是“研究者给这些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某种流感病毒的滴鼻剂”，这正是本题答案。
5．D 选项A、B、C在第六段第二句均提到，而D项则不在其中之列。
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