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Unit 11
Text I
Beyond Invalidism
Pre-reading and Brainstorming
1.Suppose you had an elderly friend or relative who is an invalid, one who is too weak or disabled to care for himself, how would you help him go though life?
2.What do you think the title “Beyond Invalidism” means?
Answer for reference:
“Beyond Invalidism” means going beyond the range or limits of invalidism, i.e.getting the better of invalidism or defeating invalidism or dealing with it succefully, or not be subject to the fatal or harmful effect of invalidism.(Invalidism: the condition of being chronically ill or disabled.久病：患慢性病或伤残的状态)
Lexical work
1)come to term with(l.3)---learn to accept or adjust to(something.One does not want to accept)
2)tentatively(l.6)---uncertainly, without confidence
3)flinch(l.10)---畏缩, 退缩, 畏首畏尾draw back in fear of danger;wince
4)deflect(16)---turn aside(使)偏斜,(使)偏转
somber(l,19)---dreary, gloomy阴森的, 昏暗的, 阴天的, 忧郁的resiliency(l.24)---ability to return quickly to usual health after suffering from an illne/跳回, 弹性 5)erosion(l.16)---disintegration;gradual removal/wearing away 6)7)
8)cardiac(l.41)---connected with the heart
9)affirm(l.45)---
▲To declare positively or firmly;maintain to be true.See Synonyms at aert 断言：肯定地或坚定地声明；证实正确;
▲To support or uphold the validity of;confirm.证实，确实：支持或维护…的正确性；坚持认为
▲State sth as the truth;aert sth 肯定某事物属实;断言某事物:
10)potentiate(l.46)---provide with more power加强
11)swathe(l.54)---wrap round绑, 裹, 包围
12)sterile(l.56)---worthle, usele;characterized by an absence of life
13)in retrospect(l.65)---回顾thinking back to the past from the present
14)beneficiary(l.84)---受惠者, 受益人
15)go out of the way(l.76)---make a special effort/take the trouble to do something
16)cornary insufficiency(l.84)---冠状动脉机能不全
17)tantalizing(l.87)---tempting, captivating;非常着急的18)arena(l.88)---a place;here, an opportunity
19)banter(l.88)---light joking talk善意地取笑, 逗弄
20)semblance(l.92)---seeming likene;appearance外表, 伪装 Main ideas:
This eay is on how to fend off invalidism: Invalidism can be avoided by getting medical treatment, and acting like an invalid so as to mobilize more fully the innate healing system of human body.Purpose of writing:
to persuade the reader to believe the mind can serve as a potential healer in the case of an illne.Organization and Development:
Part I.(Para.1)Introduction: the description of what invalidism is by using a series of paralleled clauses.PartⅡ(Para.2-4)reflecting on the way the human body works---the self-recovery support system in the human body plays a more important role than medical curing system.Para.2—put forward two questions:
①how to avoid feeling being an invalid.②how to go through the rest of life
Para.3—By reflecting on the way the human body works can answer the two questions.Para.4—Conclusion: the human body moves in the direction it is expected to move.Part Ⅲ(Para.5-14)—the author’s own experience as an invalid to show how to fend off invalidism and live a meaningful life.Comprehension questions:
1)Try to sum up the first sentence of the text, using a few words:---impotent, dismayed, dejected沮丧的, 灰心的, depreed
2)What contrast does the word “but” in line 20 indicate?
---The contrast between the irreversibility of some illne on the one hand and the healing power of modern medicine along with a positive mental outlook on the other.3)How do you understand “respect for the human body” in para.4?
---Full recognition of its capacity to repair itself in the case of being damaged in any sense and full display of such capability.4)Why does the author say at the end of para 7 “The title of ….”?
---The title of the book sums up what he has been saying: the mental state of a patient may play the role of a healer or that of a killer.5)How do you interpret the distinction Cousins makes at the end ofpara.8(the last sentence)?
---A person may physically be invalid, but he does not have to feel or act like one.6)What do you think of the author’s outlook on life?
---Human beings are all mortal.What is important is not how long a person can live, but how to live an active life while one is alive.7)What can you learn from the author’s schedule since his last heart attack?
---He is acting out his own ideas: though an invalid in the true sense of the world, he is not feeling or acting like one(invalid);this helps him to heal and also makes his life more meaningful.Difficult sentences for paraphrasing:
1)The mechanisms of repair and rehabilitation that are built into the human system have a natural drive to aert themselves under conditions of illne, but that natural tendency is deferred or deflected by an erosion of the will to live, or by the absence of confidence in one’s physician or in one’s own ability to play a vital part in the attack on disease.(l.14-18)
---Self-recovery and self-restoration will automatically function within the human body when one falls ill, but this function is disturbed or even interrupted when one loses one’s confidence in life.Or when one believes that one’s doctor can help little to cure one’s disease, or that one is almost powerle in face of an illne.2)Obviously, it is absurd to suppose that there is no illne or somber circumstance that can’t be reversed.(l.19-20)
---It is certainly illogical to aume that all disease and difficulties can eventually be cured and resolved.3)Just in the act of mobilizing their emotional resources they help to potentiate themselves physically.(l.45-47)
---In the very proce of trying to build up their confidence, they are already on the way to the restoration of their health condition.4)I have no intention of swathing myself in cotton to soften a poibly fatal episode.(L54).---I will not be overly过度地, 极度地precautious in order to protect myself from a poibly fatal disease.5)I try to run my own schedule instead of letting the schedule run me(l.92-93)
---I try to do what I plan to do;I shall not let others make plans for me.Difficult sentences for translation:
1)(P.10)Death is not the enemy;living in constant fear is.2)I have no intention of swathing myself in cotton to soften a poibly fatal episode.3)I will continue to live and think as actively and creatively as it is physically poible for me to do, knowing that longevity by self can be sterile but that vital feelings and thoughts give meaning and depth to life and provide a true sense of poibilities of human existence.4)(P.11)I have already lived more than an average lifetime, but I want to continue to live long enough to see the establishment of a world under law and a planet made safe and fit for human habitation.5)(P.12)That number is now on the decline and will, I believe, decline further still with the full recognition, not just by the profeion but by the general public, that a comprehensive program of treatment involves both the full utilization of medical science and full development of the human healing system.Post-reading activities:
What do you think of the author’s outlook on life? What revelation does he make for you? Write a paage about your ideas.Book7Unit11Beyond Invalidism
1.A weak body becomes weaker in a mood of total surrender.思想上先缴了械，身体便会更加孱弱。
2.The original treadmill results that produced the finding of severe coronary insufficiency have been reversed.最初检测出了严重冠状动脉功能不全的踏车试验结果已经被逆转了。exercise treadmill test : 踏车试验（ETT），用于检测心脏病风险。
3.I try to run my schedule instead of letting the schedule run me.我努力驾驭时间表，而不是被时间表所束缚。
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