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MESEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART
当代博物馆艺术
Facing page:The former Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin is a distinguished example of the neoclaical style of the 1840s;it ceased to be used as a station as long ago as 1904.面对页面：Hamburger Bahnhof在柏林是1840年代新古典主义风格的一个杰出的例子；早在1904年它已不再是用作站。
In some countries,such as the USA and Britain,redundant railway buildings have posed problems of reuse,which are usually exacerbated by their grand scale.In Germany,the railway heritage was decimated by wartime bombing.Berlin suffered badly.(One of the major casualties,the splendid Anhalter Bahnhof,was left as a gutted shell and was torn down by the DDR in the 1960s.)The original Hamburger Bahnhof,the terminus for trains from Hamburg,was built in 1845-47,the iron and gla sheds being prefaced by a handsome neoclaical frontage in stone by Ferdinand Wilhelm Holz.(The plan of the station was unusual,in that tracks ran through arches in the terminal building to turntables,used to turn around locomotives.)The building was a key monument of the first German railway age,but after le than 40 years of use it was closed and trains were diverted to a new station.In 1904-6 the building was converted to a museum of transport and engineering,a use which continued until the Second World War,when it was damaged but not destroyed.The museum conversion,designed by Ernst Schwartz,included the construction in 1912-15 of gallery wings flanking the main frontage,which were in keeping with the original building.在一些国家,如美国和英国,多余的铁路建筑已经构成重用的问题,这种问题通常加剧了其规模宏大。在德国,铁路遗产被战时炸弹摧毁，柏林受到严重影响。(一个主要的伤亡,富丽堂皇的安哈尔特巴赫夫,被烧毁的外壳,在1960年代被拆除的DDR)。最开始的Hamburger Bahnhof，建于1845-47年，列车的终点站起始于Hamburger，铁和玻璃棚被一个英俊的新古典主义者费迪南德威廉霍尔兹点缀在临街石头上。（空间站的计划是不寻常的,在这个追踪中，穿过航站楼的拱门到转盘,用于扭转机车。）建筑是德国第一个铁路时代的一个重要纪念碑,但不到40年的使用它就关闭了，火车转变成一个新车站。在1904 到1906年，建筑交通和工程转变成一个博物馆。,当它被破坏而不是摧毁的时候，这种使用一直持续到第二次世界大战期间。博物馆的功能转换,包括建设191295)，苏黎世的赫尔佐格和德梅隆为了新泰特美术馆而引起战争。伦敦的现代艺术博物馆,位于前电站南岸,这令那些认为建筑(1963年由贾尔斯吉尔伯特•斯科特爵士完成架构包层)值得被保留的自然资源保护论者很高兴。当其他竞争对手(特别是亚军大卫Chipperfield)对建筑提出了激进的改变措施时,赫尔佐格和德梅隆的计划却使其外部基本完好无损。另一方面,一些批评家认为建筑强加了一个强大的但不一定是正面的过去机构形象，而这个机构曾致力于研究现在和未来。
Bankside,just acro the Thames from St Paul‟s,was controversial when first built,but it provided a highly practical container for the new Tate,a key millennium project funded by the National Lottery,and expected to attracted two million visitors annually.The vast interior included a huge turbine hall,152 meters(500 feet)long and 26 metres(85 feet)high,and scope for providing 11,150 square metres(120,000 square feet)of gallery space-larger than the total area of the existing Tate Gallery,Millbank.The transformation project,ranking in scale alongside Paris‟s Parc de la Villette and Turin‟s Lingotto,aims to retain the best qualities of the old building while infusing it with elements that are entirely new and innovative.The project is seen to be as much about regeneration as it is about reuse in that it will transform the long-neglected South Bank(see pages 124-127).The Bankside Tate will be linked to the City by a new bridge,designed by Sir Norman Foster and Sir Anthony Caro.跨泰晤士河南岸，穿越圣保罗，在初建时，是有争议的，但是它为新泰特提供了一个非常实用的参考，这个重要的千年项目由国家彩票资助，预计每年吸引二百万名游客，其中包括一个巨大的涡轮大厅，152米（500英尺）长，26米（85英尺）高，提供11150平方米的范围RES（120000平方英尺）的画廊空间，大于现有的泰特美术馆总面积，Millbank。这个转换项目,它的规模与巴黎的帕洛阿尔托研究中心·德·拉·维莱特和都灵的会场相排名,旨在保留老建筑的最好特性而注入全新和创新的元素。这个项目被认为是尽可能多的再生和重用,它将改变长期被忽视的南岸(见124and the centrepiece of92年已经恢复的主要的候诊室里，在这个项目中有充分体现。1996年，开始翻新其余复杂的部分,操作支持是2亿美元的公共和私人资金，主要解决的是平衡建筑的各种角色中的问题。1980年代恢复联合车站,华盛顿特区,在那里乘客更稀疏,把公共建筑变成一个购物中心,与原车站的功能几乎都不一样。BBB的设计宗旨，在于使车站工作更好地通过商业开发为乘客创造收入。但后者是控制在一定的范围内,不允许占主要地位。
The main concourse is the centrepiece,as ever.Under the completely renovated ceiling,painted with a representation of the night sky, the concourse has been given a much extended use,with restaurants and cafes along the three sides of the first-floor gallery.Previously,gallery level was acceible only by the grand west staircase leading to Vanderbilt Avenue.BBB duplicated this staircase in replica on the east side of the concourse,reviving an unexecuted plan by Warren &Wetmore.The ramps leading to the lower concourse,long sunk below inserted floors of offices,were now removed to allow daylight to penetrate the lower level.The suburban concourse itself has become a food court for informal eating,supplementing the historic Oyster Bar.(Escalators,unobtrusively slotted in,provide additional acce for train users.)New retail outlets have been concentrated in a „market‟ area between the upper concourse and the much improved entry from Lexington Avenueat the insistence of city planners and landmark Commiion officials-adhered to the style of the original(even to the extent of dusting off 80-years old plans),it has inaugurated a new era for the terminal,anchoring it more firmly than ever in the busine and social life of the metropolis.The transformation of Grand Central reflects New York‟s pride in its past and faith in its future.中央车站曾在美国保护法律上做了测试。现在它已经成为一个作为权力转换的纪念碑。尽管BBB的翻新,坚持着原来的风格，但仍对城市规划者和委员会官员具有里程碑意义。（即使在80年的旧计划的范围内),它创立了一个新时代的终端,在商业和社会生活的大都市中，锚定比以往任何时候都更坚定地。中央车站的转变反映了纽约骄傲的过去和对未来的信心。
Grand Central remains a dominant monument in central Manhattan,despite the presence of the Met Life(formerly Pan Am)building constructed on an adjacent site in the 1960s.在1960年代，尽管Met Life建筑(原名泛美)曾在相邻网站上出现，但中央车站在曼哈顿中心仍是一个占主导地位的纪念碑。
The great pained ceiling of the main concourse of Grand Central Terminal,showing the night stars,has been completely restored as part of the refurbishment programme.中央车站主要广场上空的巨大天花板，能够看到夜空的星星，已经完全恢复了整修计划的一部分。
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