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Number of Female NPC Deputies Rises
Six female deputies to China’s National People’s Congre(NPC)give a pre conference to the second seion of the 12th NPC on the protection of women’s rights in Beijing, capital of China, March 12, 2014.[Xinhua/Xiao Yijiu]
The number of female deputies in China’s top legislature has been on the rise, said a deputy to the 12th National People’s Congre(NPC)at a news conference during China’s “two seions” on the afternoon of March 12, 2014.According to Lin Yinmao, the Deputy Secretary-General of the Standing Committee of Shanghai Municipal People’s Congre, the Chinese government is trying hard to promote the state policy of gender equality.Lin said that the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congre persistently highlights therole played by women in political participation, and the local law stipulates that the ratio of women in the all-level People’s Congre should grow exponentially year on year until parity is achieved.Lin pointed out that the ratio of female deputies in the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congre has reached a record high of 31.7 percent, and all neighborhood committees and village committees now have at least one female representative.The ratio of female deputies in the 2013 NPC also reached a record high with 23.4 percent– or 699 out of a total of 2,987 –being women.According to a Guangzhou Daily report, the 10th NPC held in 2007 clarified the desired ratio of female deputies for the first time, and stated that the proportion of female deputies to the 11th NPC should be no le than 22 percent, further helping bolster women’s influence on major polices, and reflect women’s rights and interests.The percentage of female deputies in China’s top legislature has remained at around 20 percent since the election of the Fifth NPC deputies in 1978.确定方式演变
1952年12月20日，联合国通过《妇女政治权利公约》，确认女性享有与男子平等的选举权与被选举权等政治权利。自此，女性的参政水平成为衡量女性地位与性别平等发展状况的核心指标之一。我国从《宪法》、《妇女权益保障法》、《全国和地方各级人大代表选举法》（下简称《选举法》）都对妇女参政议政的权利做出明确规定。
性别原来
并非分类标准
在国家法律中规定男女参政比例，被国际公认为是提高妇女参政水平的最有效途径之一。关于女性参政的比例，1995年在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会上通过的《行动纲领》就树立了明确的目标：女性在各级权力机构中的比例在2000年实现30%。
我国的《选举法》在1995年之前，并未将性别作为代表名额分配的分类标准。1995年和2004年，《选举法》对妇女代表的名额做出原则性规定——“应当有适当数量的妇女代表，并应当逐步提高妇女代表的比例。”到了2010年的修改版，《选举法》把妇女代表的比例问题上升到代表性的高度。
2007年首次
规定不低于22%
历届全国人大代表的名额是怎么确定分配的呢？ 据悉，改革开放以来，在历届人大换届前一年的人大会上，都会就代表名额分配问题做出决定。在上世纪80年代之前，这些决定并没有关于妇女代表名额的内容。
1992年第七届人大五次会议在确定第八届全国人大代表名额分配时，首次涉及妇女名额的分配问题：全国人民代表大会代表中，妇女代表的比例不低于第七届的比例。
1997年第八届人大五次会议上又确定，第九届全国人大代表中妇女代表的比例应高于第八届的比例。
到了2007年第十届人大五次会议，第一次规定了明确的妇女代表比例：第十一届全国人民代表大会代表中，妇女代表的比例不低于22%。不过，这个规定并没有相关配套设施保障落实，有学者认为该规定倡导意义大于实际意义。（信息来源：张永英，《人大代表选举相关法律的社会性别分析》）
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