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Thanksgiving Day 感恩节英文介绍
Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.In 1620，the settlers，or Pilgrims，they sailed to America on the May flower，seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship.After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November，what is now Plymouth，Maachusetts.During their first winter，over half of the settlers died of[1] starvation or epidemics.Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety，knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest.Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations.And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed[2].Years later，President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year.The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years.The big family dinner is planned months ahead.On the dinner table，people will find apples，oranges，chestnuts，walnuts and grapes.There will be plum pudding，mince pie，other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash.The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie.They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dreing[3] to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts.But as cooking varies with families and with the regions
where one lives，it is not easy to get a consensus on[4] the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird.Thanksgiving today is，in every sense，a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to expre their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued[5] bleings.Almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest.The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago.In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed acro the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World（新大陆）.This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it.The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Maachusetts.Their first winter in the New World was difficult.They had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease.The following spring the Iroquois Indians（美国纽约州东北部易洛魁族印第安人）taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists.They showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley（大麦）, beans and pumpkins were harvested.The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned.They invited the local Indian chief and 90 Indians.The Indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists.The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians.To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians had even brought popcorn.In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks.After the United States became an independent country, Congre recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate.George Washington suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day.Then in 1863, at the end of a long and bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving.Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year.The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing.Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative.All give thanks together for the good things that they have.In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homele.On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.Symbols of Thanksgiving
Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce（酸果曼沙司）are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving.Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards.The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies.“Indian corn” as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first Thanksgiving table and is still served today.The cranberry is a small, sour berry.It grows in bogs（沼泽）, or muddy areas, in Maachusetts and other New England states.The Indians used the fruit to treat infections.They used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets.They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener（甜味佐料）and water to make a sauce.The Indians called it “ibimi” which means “bitter berry.” When the colonists saw it, they named it “crane-berry” because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane.The berries are still grown in New England.In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St.John the Divine.More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night.Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the New World.The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians' role in the first
Thanksgiving 350 years ago.Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians.In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods.Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived.
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