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1.1HISTORY OF FLUID POWER
1.1.1Definition of Fluid Power
A whole machine consists of prime mover, transmiion section, control section and end-use device.There are several types of prime movers, such as electrical motor, internal combustion engine etc.End-use device means direct part completing this machine's miion, such as machine knives of shearing machine, compound rest of lathes, tool of lathes, chuck, etc.Because the range of prime movers' power and rotational rate is limited, transmiion section is set between prime mover and end-use device for covering the large range of end use device's output force and work rate.The transmiion section converts prime mover's out-put power and transmits power between prime mover and end-use device.There are three basic methods for transmitting power: electrical, mechanical, and fluid power.Fluid power is that energy transmitted and controlled by means of a preurized fluid, either liquid or gas.It should be realized that there are actually two types of fluid systems: fluid transport, fluid power(including hydraulics and pneumatics).Fluid power and fluid transport use liquid to transmit and control energy.Fluid transport system has the sole objective of delivering fluid from one location to another to accomplish some useful purpose.Fluid power system is designed specifically to perform work.Today fluid power is used extensively in practically every branch of industry because of advantages.Some typical applications are in mechanical engineering, construction, transportation, marine, military, agriculture, and aerospace.流体力学历史
流体动力的定义
一个完整的机器由原动机,变速箱,控制部分和终端装置组成。原动力机有很多类,如电动机,内燃机等。终端装置是直接完成这台机器的任务部分,如铣车的刀具,车床的复合刀架、刀具、卡盘等。因为原动机的范围和旋转速度是有限的,传动装置是设立在原动机与终端装置用来控制终端设备的最大输出力和工作效率的装置。传动机将原动机和传动装置的输出力量传递到终端装置.有三种基本传输动力的方法:电气、机械和流体动力。流体动力是传动和控制密封流体的力量,流体是液体或气体。事实上,有两种类型的流体系统:流体运输、流体动力(包括液压与气动)。
流体动力和流体运输用液体传输和控制能量。流体输送系统的唯一目的是实现流体到另一个位置以完成一些特定的操作工作。今天, 流体动力以其优势而被广泛运用于几乎每个科学的领域。一些典型的是在机械工程、建筑、交通运输、船舶、军工、农业、和航空业等方面。
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