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Contents Contents........................................................................................................................0 Abstract.........................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................3 1.Introduction..............................................................................................................4 2.The concept of mind mapping................................................................................4
2.1 The definition of mind mapping.......................................................................4 2.2 The features of mind mapping..........................................................................5 3.The application of mind mapping in English teaching.........................................5
3.1 To use mind mapping to learn new words........................................................5 3.2 To use mind mapping to distinguish synonym and homoionym......................6 3.3 To use mind mapping to learn affixes and roots...............................................6 4.The functions of mind mapping in English words teaching.................................6
4.1 Motivate students’ learning interest..................................................................7 4.2 Improve the ability of memorizing words........................................................7 4.3 Develop the habit of self-thinking....................................................................8 5.Design the English words mind mapping..............................................................8
5.1 Consider the factors of designing.....................................................................8 5.2 The idea about designing................................................................................10 5.3 The elements of the English words mapping..................................................10 6.Some questions should be cared about the application of mind mapping........12 7.Conclusion..............................................................................................................12 Bibliography...............................................................................................................14
Abstract The word is not only the most basic element, but also the key to learning English well in English learning.However, it is very difficult for students to remember many complicated words.This is the main obstacle in the proce of learning English.Mind mapping uses its characteristics to help students learn and memorize words.It makes those forgettable and complicated words more intuitive and systematic.It can cultivate students’ interest in learning English words and developing their ability in study.Mind mapping has become the thinking quality of developing and cultivating students.It is a vital measure for students to arouse and order their creative thinking.This thesis studies mainly the functions of the mind mapping in the English word teaching.When we design the English words mind mapping, some elements should be considered.It will be good for people to learn about how to use the mind mapping effectively.Key words: mind mapping；word memorizing；English words mind mapping
摘要
在英语学习中，单词是最基本的元素，也是学好英语的关键。然而，对于学生来说记住许多复杂的单词是很困难的。这往往成为学好英语过程中的主要障碍。思维导图用其独特的特点帮助学生进行单词的学习和记忆，使易忘、繁杂的单词更直观化、系统化，从而培养学生对英语单词的兴趣，提高英语的学习能力。思维导图已成为发展和培养学生的思维品质，激发、引导学生的创造性思维的重要工具。本文主要研究的是思维导图在单词教学中的作用以及设计英语单词思维导图时的关键要素，有助于人们了解如何有效地使用思维导图。
关键词：思维导图；单词记忆；英语单词导图
Acknowledgements
I want to expre my appreciation to many who have supported my efforts in writing this paper during the past few months.I am greatly indebted to Prof.。。, for his continuous support and invaluable suggestions throughout the period I worked on my thesis as well as for his generosity in spending his invaluable time reading, polishing and commenting on my paper, which is neceary to its completion.Hearty thanks should also be given to Profeor。, Profeor。, Profeor Liping, Profeor Zhufeng, and other teachers in our school, from whose courses and lectures I have benefited a lot.Special thanks should be extended to my parents for their everlasting love, support and encouragement.I am very proud of them.What is more, I would like to show my sincere gratitude to those external examiners who spend their precious time reading my thesis and making valuable criticisms and suggestions.Application of Mind Mapping in English Words Teaching Introduction Word teaching is an important part in English teaching.A large quantity of vocabularies directly affects the capacity of listening, speaking, reading and writing(纪曼然,2010:23).Therefore, it is the root for students to learn English well.“Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”(Wilkins, 1987:58).So, the vocabulary teaching is very neceary for everyone who wants to learn English.However, as we all know, it is a main obstacle for us to memorize much more complicated words in the proce of English learning.Mind mapping helps students solve this problem with its unique characteristics.This thesis mainly focuses on the application of mind mapping in the English words teaching.By using this measure, it will have positive influences on students.But some elements should be considered when we design the words mind mapping.Some questions should be cared about the application of mind mapping.The concept of mind mapping 2.1 The definition of mind mapping Mind mapping refers to the effective mode of thinking and applies to the thinking “mapping.” Such as memorizing, learning, thinking and so on.It helps to diffuse the brain’s thinking.Mind mapping is also called mental map, which is an expreion of radioactive thinking of effective graphics thinking tool.It is simple but extremely effective.Mind mapping is a revolutionary tool of thinking.It uses graphic and skills to expre the relationship between various topics and related hierarchy figure.It establishes subject keywords memory links with images, color to fully use the function of the left and right brain.Mind mapping utilizes the law of memory, reading, thinking to help people achieve balanced development between science and art, logic and imagination.It opens the infinite potential of human brain.A mind mapping is the power of the human mind.Mind mapping is a method of radioactive thinking, and we know that radioactive thinking is a natural thinking way of the human brain.Each kind of information into the brain can become a thinking center which radiates outward thousands of key points whether it is a feeling, memory, or idea including text, numbers, codes, fragrance, food, line, color, imagery, rhythm and musical notes(Buzan, 2005:32).Each key point represents a link with a central theme, and each link can be another central theme.It emanates outward thousands of key points, and presents a radioactive stereo structure.The links and the joints can be regarded as the memory and personal database of yours.Although the Mind Map is drawn on a two-dimensional page, it represents a multi-dimensional reality, encompaing space, time and color(Buzan, 1993:56-57).2.2 The features of mind mapping The mind mapping can not only make students notice clearly and quickly the emphasis, but also let them use an aociative way to think more clearly and effectively.By using the colors, lines, arrows and other ways to draw your map, it can help us sort and organize the complex thoughts and procees.Thus, it improves the ability of understanding, and transforms the thinking into the actual thoughts and effective actions with more efficiency.3.The application of mind mapping in English teaching 3.1 To use mind mapping to learn new words In the English words teaching, we often come acro polysemy and homonyms.In this case, although students can remember a certain meaning of one word, the same word has other meanings in other contexts.In the proce of polysemy learning, we can teach students to use the mind mapping to draw the map more clearly for further study(李艳,2011:12).By drawing the map, it can help students summarize the information from the dictionary.Then in the flexible way, students can not only save their time to study, but also improve the efficiency of learning.It will greatly promote their initiative and stimulate the interest of learning.3.2 To use mind mapping to distinguish synonym and homoionym One's vocabulary degree can be divided into four levels: saying the word, writing the word, reading the word and gueing the meaning of the word.The first two levels are positive words and the last two levels are negative words(汪榕培、卢晓娟，1997：25).The number of positive words grasped is a vital role in learning English words.However, the difficulty is that many words are not only the same meanings, but also are similar in usage.It is easy to make learners confused.Mind mapping can guide the students to remember these words which can not only improve the ability of students' memory, but also can make them more creative and organized.The following brain figure can give us some tips on the category of learning.3.3 To use mind mapping to learn affixes and roots The most effective way to form English words is the affix method.That is to say, we can add affixes to roots.Through the root of aociation, students can learn a word to rapidly expand their vocabulary and build the connection between the image and vocabulary.By shaping the abstract materials, students can comprehend the words and thus memorize the words better.So in order to enlarge your English vocabulary, you must master the common meanings of affixes and roots.The functions of mind mapping in English words teaching 4.1 Motivate students’ interest of learning In the technological information teaching, there is a lot of knowledge to learn.When teachers carry out teaching, they strengthen inherent logical relations of the knowledge and combine the links of knowledge.Teachers also arrange the order reasonably to make the organization of teaching contents accord with the cognitive law of students.It is especially important for us to avoid enumerating the concept in isolation.By using the mind mapping to organize the knowledge points, it greatly improves the students' interest in learning and the students can master the hierarchical relationship between concepts.It may record the proce of thought and then form systematic knowledge and expand the thinking space.4.2 Improve the ability of memorizing words In the proce of English learning, memorizing words is a very important task.Remembering words is a shortcoming of students in English learning.Especially in the junior middle school, students’ vocabulary is increased obviously.Some students feel it very hard to remember words.How to help students remember the words that are being learnt with the highest efficiency in per unit? Only if we solve this problem efficiently can we truly reduce the burden of students and improve the quality of teaching.Students can aociate the words and then draw the words mind mapping.People follow the law of vocabulary from short-term memory to long-term memory and enlarge our vocabulary(Lewis, 1993:146).Therefore, everyone improves the level of English.Making a mind mapping can make us think positively, which can deepen the understanding of knowledge.When it improves the ability of learning, it also inspires our interest in learning.The mind mapping enhances our sense of accomplishment.In addition, in the proce of making a mind mapping, it can make us feel refreshed and observe the relationship between knowledge.We even find that we never notice and realize the relationship which can produce some innovative understanding so as to achieve the goal of innovative learning.As a visual thinking tool, mind mapping can be applied to memorizing the English words.It can be said to be a very meaningful strategy.4.3 Develop the habit of self-thinking Nowadays the students' interest in learning English is decreasing, especially college entrance examination is reformed.The score of English is not included in the total score.This causes many students to pay le attention to English.As we all know, most of the boys don't like the English subject.They usually do the English homework by copying other students’ homework.They also dislike reciting those words.At the sight of the complicated words, they have a great fear of memorizing those complicated words.They do not focus on the cla and they seldom actively think those questions which the teachers ask.Therefore, teachers are also trying to find some methods to make students memorize words easily.Those ways can guide students to think about learning methods independently.Students can solve this problem through using mind mapping, and then they write down some key information.With the help of key information, we can learn to think for ourselves.If we form the habit of independent thinking, we will be a positive thinker.Design the English words mind mapping 5.1 Consider the factors of designing(1)Teaching objectives:
a.Brainstorming: To find the best point of connection between words and facilitate the memory of words
b.To explore mapping methods of designing and drawing English words c.reflect on and share good English words mapping results(2)Students characteristics: a.According to the requirements of teaching and practice miion, the junior high school students can focus on the observation of learning things.In the task learning, they must observe the natural or social phenomena.They not only can perceive the external characteristics of things, but also can capture the main features and eence.b.The junior middle school students pay more attention to development, even if they are not interested in understanding difficult learning materials.They also can concentrate on it for a long time.Their purpose is clear.Under the influence of a good education, middle school students’ awarene and the habit of attention is gradually formed.c.The junior high school students’ memory is obviously developed.They consciously put forward the short-term or long-term memorial tasks according to the different teaching material contents.d.The junior high school students have been able to distinguish between form and content, and they also have the ability of operating the abstract logical thinking and the proposition.They will show concern for the country as well as various events in the world, and then they are able to simply analyze the causes and consequences of things, and put forward a solution.e.The junior high school students have increasingly rich knowledge、increasingly rich imagination and creation.They are full of fantasy more than the ideal.Some students even have more fantastic elements.They reproduce imagination which becomes more independent, general and precise to further creative imagination.But in English vocabulary learning, the words students are learning are not related to each other, which is hard to connect.English words mapping is connected with the abstract words, vivid graphics animation and rich color stimulation.Relevance and aociation contribute to memorizing and extracting of words.(3)The characteristics of words: “Language is a natural organism”(Schleicher, 1861:58-59), is a linguist famously said.Like biology, vocabulary also experienced a long time from simple to complex which evolved in the form of reproduction.It also complies with the laws of evolution.Words are made up of meaningle letters one by one.A single letter is meaningle, but a combination of some letters is meaningful.That is to say, the word has certain ductility and fusion, but this characteristic is consistent with the concept of mind map.So we can combine the two characteristics to remember the words.We can use some learned words, the things around us and even some idioms help us to memorize words.5.2 The idea about designing Words have the characteristics of compatibility and ductility.We can combine these through using the aociation and diffusion of mind mapping.The words with their reticular structure in a certain order form words network system and form English words mind mapping.English words mapping with rich color and the meaning of graphics, image or animation can provide visual thinking and knowledge structure which facilitates students to grasp what they have learned from the whole words(Cynthia, 2008).Meanwhile, it reveals the inner link between words and different contrasts.It also can promote the student's understanding and memorizing of words.5.3 The elements of the English words mapping Mind mapping is composed of color, lines, graphics, aociation and imagination.English words mapping is made of words(the central words and node words)line, color, graphics, aociation and mark.a.Word: Words can be divided into the center and the node words.Center words can be in the upper relations of words and focus of the general outline master words or high frequency words.Except the center words, the other words belong to the node word.It is primary node for the first time.But by its extension, it is the secondary node again.English words mapping is a closely woven network, it can be connected by a word after a word, so it also does not necearily appear.b.Line: Line is a line segment which connects two or more words.It is a natural curve rather than a straight line.Because the brain thinking is nonlinear, your brain will grow tired of straight line.Curve and branch as the tree branches can attract students' attention more easily.Lines can be divided into solid line and dotted line.English words mind mapping commonly use the line without directions.It shows the thinking reversibility unle indicated direction and generally do not use arrows.c.Color: Color can enhance memory and creativity and make your words mapping more active and vital.Color can stimulate your right brain memorial ability.You are suggested using colors in the words mapping in a rational way.For example, you should highlight the center words of color and graphics, or mark the same type of words with the same color or line.This will make it easier for you to read information faster.At a glance, others will read the information clearly.d.Graphics: Graphics or images can cause brain stimulation.One figure is beyond thousands of words.Graphics can well explain the meaning of the words and stimulate the right brain memory function at the same time.Some graphics or animations can also expre the subtle differences between the main meanings of the words.Using graphics can stimulate balance between your visual cortex and language skills.It can also improve your visual touch.e.Aociation: The brain needs a thinking tool of reflecting the natural way of thinking.It reflects the divergent thinking and extensibility(Collins, A.M, Loftus E F, 1975:407-428).Images in the words mapping help us aociate.Aociation is to let our physical experiences produce meanings.It is also the key to human brain memory and understanding.f.Mark: Mark is an expreion of word aociation.It is convenient for readers and drawers to understand and facilitate the memory.It is to identify a certain logical relationship between words and both end of the logic relationship, or memory strategy.If you can write the homophonic, aociation, the same color, the similar shape, similar words of tagging, you can visually expre the internal logic relations between words.It presents the word relation of a concise convenient icon.Some questions should be cared about the application of mind mapping First, there are the differences between modes of students' thoughts.Different ways of thinking lead to students to draw different shapes.Therefore, the teacher should give different guides according to different students' learning style(Joseph D.Novak& D B.Gowin, 1984:15).So the students can improve the ability of thinking on the basis of the development of their vocabulary ability.Second, the differences of students drawing maps need to be adjusted.Because the mind mapping and the traditional text meages have the different orders and patterns.So students will draw maps seeming to be chaotic at first, but the difference is bigger.Therefore, the teacher should avoid asking for a simple standard and teach students to learn outcomes of the mind mapping to display the form of group, and then take a variety of forms such as self-evaluation, mutual evaluation by listing different problems.Then, the teachers ask the students to modify or redraw mind mapping, and reflect on learning contents.Third, monitor the effect of students' memory.Student's memory styles also have very big differences.Some students don’t have the strong ability of memory.They are lacking in memory about the purpose of things.Their ability of short-term memory is poor so as to forget quickly.To solve the problem, teachers should aim to this problem to monitor the effect of student's study.They can collect the feedback of information or tests which can be used to evaluate the efficiency of the student's study to find the deficiency of the teaching in time.7.Conclusion Mind mapping is an effective learning tool in technological information teaching.It is applied to the memory of English words.This can be said to be a very meaningful strategy implementation.The adoption of this method can effectively relieve the students’ significant preure in the proce of the mechanical memorizing words learning.Thus, it improves the students' interest in learning and the effect of vocabulary memory.Students use words mind mapping to practice for a period of time.The author finds that the speed of word memory and long-term memory obviously improved and the enthusiasm of students learning improved greatly.Students change paive learning into active learning.The author thinks that further to organize the student's mind mapping results and summarize achievements of students in common.It can offer school-based teaching materials for English vocabulary teaching, and then help the students learn the vocabulary and memorize words.Bibliography
[1] August, Schleicher.A Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European, Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin Languages, translated from the third German edition by Herbert Bendall.London: Trübner and Co[M].German Linguistics Pre, 1861 [2] Collins A M, Loftus E F.A spreading activation theory of semantic proceing[J].Psychological Review.1975[4], 407-428 [3] D.A Wilkins.English Study[M].Foreign Language Study Institute, 1987 [4]Joseph D.Novak & D B.Gowin.Learning How to Learn[M].UK: Cambridge University Pre, 1984 [5] Michael Lewis.The Lexical approach: The state of ELT and the way forward [M].Hove: Language Teaching Publications, 1993.[6] Tony, Buzan.The Mind Map book: How to use radiant thinking to maximize your brain’s untapped potential[M].New York Pre, 1993 [7] Tony, Buzan.The Ten Approaches to Improve the Language Intelligence by Mind Mapping[M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Pre, 2005 [8] Trevino Cynthia.Mind mapping and outlining: comparing two types of graphic organizers for learning seventh-grade life science.http:// hdl.Handle.net/2346/1058 [9] Virginia , Allen.Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary[M].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pre, 2002 [10] Wilkins.ENGLISH STUDY.[M] Foreign Language Study Institute.1987 [11] 纪曼然.思维导图对于英语词汇教学的启发[J].当代教育论坛，2010[4],23 [12] 李艳.思维导图在英语教学中的应用[J].《学英语》（高中教师版）2011[33],12 14 [13]汪榕榕、卢晓娟.英语词汇学教程[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997 [14]施迪夹.学海无涯“图”作舟——谈思维导图在信息技术教学中的初步应用[J].中小学信息技术教育，2006（6）：23-24 [15]赵国庆，陆志坚.概念图与思维导图辨析[J].中国电化教育，2004（8）：42-44
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