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文言文翻译技巧
Writings in claical Chinese translation skills 文言文句子翻译，是学习文言文的主要训练方法之一。它可以让学生在翻译文言文句子中积累文言词语、感受古代汉语习惯，更重要的是准确理解原作内容。根据实践经验积累，我认为翻译文言文有以下技巧。
Writings in claical Chinese sentence translation, is in learning claical Chinese is one of the main training method.It can let the student in the translation of claical Chinese sentences in accumulation of claical Chinese words, feelings of ancient Chinese habits, more important is the accurate understanding of the original content.According to the practical experience, I think the translation of claical Chinese has the following skills.一、录 One, book
“录”，就是把文言文句子中不必翻译的词抄录下来。文言文中不必翻译的词大体分两类：一类是特殊名词，如：人名、地名、官名、年号、日期等；一类是与现代汉语意思相同不必翻译的词，如：山、石、高、远等。例句①：“元丰中，庆州界生子方虫，方为秋田之害。”（《梦溪笔谈》）句中“元丰”是年号，“庆州”是地名，“子方虫”是害虫名，“秋田”与现代语意思相同，均不必翻
译，抄录即可。
“ Book”, is the writings in claical Chinese sentences without translation words transcribed.Writings in claical Chinese do not have to translate words can be generally divided into two categories: one category is special nouns, such as: name, place name, title, year, date;one is the same meaning and modern Chinese don't need to translate words, such as: Hill, stone, high, far away.Example1:“ Yuanfeng, Gyeongju world son party bug, for the Akita side.”(“ dream stream eays”)in the sentence is“ Yuanfeng” year“, Gyeongju” is a place,“ son of side worm” is a pest,“ Akita” and modern languages share the same meaning, do not
need to translate, reproduces.二、释 Two, release
“释”，就是把需要翻译的词加以解释。这些词大致分两类：一类是与现代汉语意思相同但要翻译的古代汉语词，这一类词很多可以用“单音节变双音节”的方法解释；另一类是古今异义的词。例句②：“今子欺之，是教子欺也。”（《曾子杀彘》）句中“欺”与现代汉语意思相同，但要翻译为“欺骗”；“今、是”属古今异义的词，要翻译为“现在、这”。要做到这一点，一方面要借助工具书和文中注释；另一方面得根据自己积累的古代汉语词汇进行解释。
“ Release”, is the need to translate the word to explain.These words can roughly be divided into two categories: one category is aociated with the same meaning but to modern Chinese translation of the ancient Chinese words, this cla of words many can use “single syllable changing double syllables” methods of interpretation;another kind is different meanings in ancient and modern times.Example:“ this child of of bully, bully is always too.”(“ son” had killed swine)sentence“ bully” and modern Chinese are identical in meaning, but to translate as “cheating”;“ this is belong to different meanings in ancient and modern times,” word, be translated as “ now, this”.To do this, one should make use of reference books and paper notes;on the other hand it according to their own accumulation of ancient Chinese vocabulary to explain.三、补 Three, s
“补”，就是在翻译文言文省略句时，把原句中被省略的成分补充进去。在文言文中，省略句不少，主要是省略主语、宾语、谓语、介词，翻译时应把省略成分补充进去。例句③：“便舍船，从口入。初极狭，才通人。”（《桃花源记》）句中“便”前省略了主语“渔人”，“初”前省略了主语“洞口”。例句④：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”（《论语》）句中“以”后省略了宾语“之（这点）”。“ Fill”, is in the translation of claical Chinese Ellipsis sentence, the sentence was omitted compositions added.In writings in claical Chinese, ellipsis is omitted many, subject, object, predicate, prepositions, translation should give the ellipsis added.Example3:“ abandon ship, from the mouth.First extremely narrow, only walter.”(“ the Peach Garden”)in the sentence“ he” omit the subject“ Fisherman”,“ early” before“ the omitted subject”.Example:“ the knowledge, to be a teacher.”(“ Analects of Confucius”)in the sentence“ to” object“ or the
(this)”.四、添 Four, Tim
“添”，就是有些文言句子，不好说它省略掉什么成分，但按照现代汉语的习惯要添加一些词语，译句才连贯通顺。例句⑤：“南阳刘子骥，高尚士也。”（《桃花源记》）此句是判断句，在翻译时需在“高尚”前加“是”。例句⑤：“虽鸡狗不得安宁。”（《捕蛇者说》）此句应翻译为“（不要说人，）即使是鸡狗也不得安宁啊。”需要注意的是，增添的内容一定要必要，二要与语境吻合，否则就是画蛇添足了。
“ Add”, some claical Chinese sentences, not to say it to omit what ingredients, but according to modern Chinese habit to add some words, sentence is coherent.Example:“ the Liu Ziji of Nanyang, Gao Shangshi.”(“ the Peach Garden”)is the sentence, in the translation of the“ noble ” before“”.Examples:“ although the cock will not be at peace.”(“ snake catcher.”)the sentences should be translated as “(don't say people,)even chicken dog would have no peace.” Note that, add content must be neceary, two and context anastomosis, otherwise it is superfluous.五、删 Five, delete
“删”，就是删除原文有而翻译句可略的字眼。例句⑥：“通计一舟；为人五；为窗八；为弱篷，为楫，为壶，为手卷，为念珠各一。”（《核舟记》）这句话中共有七个“为”字，翻译时只需要保留第一个即可，其余省略不翻译，这样反而显得简洁利落。文言句子中，还有些虚词也是不翻译的，也应该删除。例句⑦：“孔子云：何陋之有？”（《陋室铭》）句中“之”是帮助宾语前置的，不翻译。这种省略原文不翻译的情况虽不多，但也值得注意。
“ Delete”, is the deletion of the original and translation sentence can be omitted.Example:“ the general plan for the ship;five;eight for windows;weak canopy, as for the pot, for the moment, manuscripts, one each for the rosary.”(“ boat story”)the word of seven“ for” word, translation only need to retain the first can be omitted without translation, the rest, so that it appears to be simple and neat.Claical Chinese sentences, some function words is not the translation, should also be removed.Example: the“ Confucius cloud: Helou there?”(“ humble room inscription”)in the sentence“” is to help the object preposition, not translation.This omiion of translation situation is not much, but it
is worth attention.六、调 Six, adjustable
“调”，就是有一些文言句子古今语序不同，翻译时必须按照现代汉语的语法习惯，把其中某些成分的位置调整过来。文言文中比较常见的是定语后置、状语后置、谓语前置、介词宾语前置等，这样的文言句子在翻译时必须调整过来。例句⑧：“屠惧，投以骨。”（《狼》）句中“投以骨”是“以骨投”的倒装，翻译为“把骨丢（给它）”。
“ Tone”, there is some claical Chinese sentence and word order is different, the translation must be in accordance with the grammar of modern Chinese habit, some components of the position adjustment.Writings in claical Chinese are the more common postpositive attribute, adverbial postposition, predicate fronting, the object of a preposition preposition, the claical Chinese sentences in the translation must be adjusted.Examples:“ Tu Ju, and voted to the bone.”(“ wolf”)the sentence“ cast in a bone” is “to the bone cast” flip, translated as “ the
bone lo(to it)”.
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