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我们只不过是人
劳拉．施莱辛格
Pre-cla Work
1.Explain the following.1)free will(Para.1): the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled
by God or fate 自由意志
2)the product of causation(Para.1): the.human behavior is a response to external stimulation, and
therefore is genes-determined.某种原因造成的结果
3)fateful night(Para.9): the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那个决定性的夜晚
4)honor his commitment(Para.10): to do what he has committed to do to others;to do his duty;to respect his obligations to others履行义务或实践许诺
5)clause(Para.20): a separate division of a written legal document with its own separate and complete
meaning 条款
6)absorbing(Para.26): interesting;enjoyable;gripping 吸引人的 2.Paraphrase.1)Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2)As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations.This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3)The 3 C's are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4)Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5)If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action
without waiting for someone to tell you what to do;you should be brave enough to take risks;you
should take continued action against difficulties;you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you
should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted.6)Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup.7)In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our
actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking.8)Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens;happine is a series of
things that involved.Pleasure is a finishingpoint;happine is a long proce.Pleasure is something
related to the real world and physical objects;happine is something related to your spirit.Pleasure is
something related to yourself;happine is something related to others and the world.3.Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of“ 开 ”.开门 to open the door;开口 to open one,s mouth(or start to talk);开火 to open fire;开刀 to have an operation;开发 to open up...(or to develop;to exploit);开工(of a factory, etc.)to go into operation;开花 to bloom;开会 to have a meeting;开胃 to whet(or stimulate)the appetite;开心 to feel happy;开玩笑 to crack a joke(to make fun of)4.Learn rules of word-building.Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary.1)Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1)devastation
(2)exhilaration
(3)conformity
(4)procreation
(5)invocation
(6)sustenance
(7)projection
(8)derivation
(9)criticism
(10)restoration
2)Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1)to contort
(2)to rationalize
(3)to transgre
(4)to condemn
(5)to abort
(6)to emphasize
(7)to seduce
(8)to gratify
(9)to destroy
(10)to indulge
(11)to oblige
(12)to motivate
(13)to cause
(14)to survive
More Work on the Text II Vocabulary 1.Translate
1)into English.(1)to shape one's mind
(2)to honor one's commitment
(3)to sustain life
(4)to raise a family
(5)to make a judgment
(6)to focus one's attention
(7)to devastate the country
(8)to blame the weather
(9)to avoid sacrifice
(10)to demand justice
(11)to criticize the theory
(12)to condemn the war
(13)to emphasize education
(14)to acknowledge defeat
(15)to sustain economic growth
(16)to restore the building
(17)to cause trouble
(18)to resist the temptation
2)into Chinese.(1)动物界
(2)某种原因造成的结果
(3)自由意志
`
(4)条件反射
(5)由生物本能决定的(6)自然选择
(7)高级动物；万物之灵
(8)适者生存
(9)固有欲望
(10)利他的行为
(11)社会地位
(12)一个关键的晚上
(13)正当的地位
(14)眼前一时痛快
(15)蛮力
(16)思想斗争
(17)良心不安；良心有愧
(18)对未经证实之事物的信仰
(19)合同的例外条款
(20)植物人的状态
(21)长期目标
(22)十分吸引人的电影
(23)全心全意和孩子相聚的时间
(24)价值观念体系 2.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)Give synonyms.(1)example
(2)lonely, alone
(3)to look, to gaze
(4)properly, appropriately
(5)natural, inborn, instinctive
(6)to gain, to obtain
(7)deeply, extremely
(8)to give up
(9)idea, thought, theory, notion
(10)mutual, shared
(11)to shape, to form
(12)fortre, love, emotional attachment
(13)decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal
(14)duty, responsibility
(15)responsibility, obligation
(16)honesty, virtue, uprightne
(17)satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment
(18)to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle
(19)delighted, in high spirits
(20)to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to
(21)very great
(22)damaging, very destructive, shocking
2)Give antonyms.(1)construction
(2)former
(3)outer
(4)selfish
(5)to deny
(6)unsteady, shaky, unstable
(7)physical, material, bodily
(8)immeasurable
(9)deep, in-depth, profound
(10)imbalance
(11)long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal
(12)immoral, amoral
(13)required, compulsory
(14)unwilling
(15)positive 3.Translate.1)As the saying goes: All roads lead to Rome.2)That wrong line led to a serious setback of the revolution.3)The discovery of a knife on his body led the police to suspect that he was the murderer.4)We are leading the world in the production of rice, cotton, hogs, and coal.5)Lack of exercise can lead to all kinds of health problems.6)Some political scientists in the West believe that a balance of power could lead to world peace.7)Most of the leading economic powers in the world are committed to global environmental protection.8)Those traces of water led many scientists to believe that there might be some forms of life on that planet.9)It's amazing how she Can balance herself on that ball.10)For most Chinese people, the unification of our country is a serious/solemn commitment.11)Yes, I taught her once.She struck me as quite a committed student.12)Many things in this world require a good balance.Once you lose balance, troubles begin.13)Mr.Smith said that it was his honor to be our busine partner, and he aured us that his company is committed to help China with her modernization effort.14)This treaty commits all member nations to develop their cooperation.15)Some European countries have not been able to balance their budgets.16)It's a matter of honor to repay my debts on time.But right now my total balance in the bank is only 20
dollars.17)The banking system of that country is in a terrible state.18)It was said that the Ruian state-owned enterprises were privatized almost overnight.19)During the talks, he made an official statement that his government will not adopt a two-China policy.4.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1)of
2)for
3)out
4)out
5)up
6)of
7)up
8)down
9)at
10)out of
ll)up
12)to, away from
13)on, in
14)on, by, of
15)In, instead of, to
16)to, on, at
17)in, By
18)with, For, on, In 5.Correct mistakes in the following sentences.1)I have not been informed about this meeting.(Or: I have not been informed that I should attend the meeting.)
2)succeeded in getting(Or: finally managed to get the ticket)
3)fall to keep the job
4)so long in realizing your mistake.(Or: Why did it take you so long to realize your mistake?)
5)consistes of(Or: is made of)
6)anxious to know
7)frank with
8)incapable of telling...9)he prided himself on/took pride in;patients'
10)In the eyes of
11)Sure, no problem.(out of the question: not poible or not allowed)
12)The teacher suggested that we should not try to specialize too early.(Or: The teacher advised us not to try to specialize too early.)6.Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words that
happen to have the same spelling.I)我们在这个问题上应该保持中立。我们不应该偏向哪一方。
2)第二年的收成也不好，他们那块地里几乎颗粒无收。
3)那个脸精瘦的高个子被控与一桩银行抢劫阴谋有关。
4)他把他的伞倚在墙边，在一张桌子旁坐了下来，然后拿起了菜单。
5)老年人往往抱怨年轻人，反过来年轻人也抱怨老年人。这是代沟的一种反映。6)这篇文章包括了他对我们社会问题的一些看法。
7)当我想到上帝是公正的时候，我不禁为我的国家担心得发抖。(托马斯．杰弗逊)8)强烈的信仰往往反映强烈的偏见。
9)当他把他的包扔到窗外的时候，我以为他疯了。10)蜡烛灭了，山洞里变得一片漆黑。
11)那天风很大，我们花了九牛二虎之力才支起帐篷。12)为了达到我们今年的目标，我们都必须一起努力。
7.Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1)exact
(2)leading
(3)searching
(4)had been marching
(5)over
(6)reach
(7)where
(8)all
(9)feeling
(10)when
(11)being
(12)almost
(13)than
(14)like
(15)up III.6rammar 1.Understand grammar in context.1)Observe how object complements are expreed.(1)“as” + a noun phrase
(2)“as” + a what-clause, the object being “which”(referring to “character”)
(3)“as”+ a gerund phrase
(4)an infinitive phrase
(5)a perfect present participle
(6)as + a comparative adjective phrase
(7)as + a noun phrase
(8)a noun phrase, the object being “that”(referring to “those standards and values”)
(9)a noun phrase
(10)a paive infinitive phrase
(11)a noun phrase, the nominal object being “it”(referring to the infinitive phrase)
(12)a comparative adjective phrase
(13)an adjective, the nominal object being “it”(referring to the infinitive phrase)
(14)an infinitive phrase
(15)an adjective phrase;present participle phrase
(16)an adjective phrase
(17)an adjective;a prepositional phrase
(18)a paive present participle phrase
2)Observe the paive form in these sentences and point out its function.(1)the main verb followed by an infinitive phrase
(2)the main verb used with modals
(3)a paive infinitive as object
(4)a paive gerund phrase as prepositional object
(5)the main verb(a phrasal verb)
(6)the main verbs used with an auxiliary
(7)the main verb in the present continuous tense
(8)a paive gerund as prepositional object
(9)a paive infinitive as object
(10)a paive infinitive used after an adjective adverbially
(11)the main verb;the main verb in the relative clause and followed by an infinitive
(12)the main verb used with a modal and followed by a that-clause(the subject)2.Complete the sentences.1)By putting the verbs in the right form.(1)quarreling
(2)trying
(3)dismied
(4)pick up
(5)smoking
(6)removed
(7)to strike
(8)happen
(9)photographed
(10)burning
2)With the appropriate form of the verbs provided below(some Words may be used twice).(1)smelt
(2)kept
(3)cut
(4)considered
(5)pushed, lying
(6)dye, paint
(7)declared
(8)appointed
(9)labeled
(10)burnt
(11)call
(12)rendered
(13)turned
(14)kept
(15)considered/found 3, Improve the sentences using the “verb + it + adjective/noun + to-infinitive” construction.1)Even residents of long standing find it difficult to give directions.2)I find it impoible to forget what I witneed that day.3)Some people find it difficult to adapt to this rapidly changing world.4)Quite a lot of people find it difficult to accept the result of the “election”.5)I don't think it feasible to change the plan now.6)They think it right to stick to the original plan.7)I think it improper to back out at the last moment.8)As a doctor, she considers it her duty to help the sick and save the dying.9)I consider it a great honor to meet all of you here today.10)I consider it an insult to be cold-shouldered like that.4.Translate into English.1)The Chinese in brackets, using paive verb forms.(1)to be left alone for a while
(2)had been knocked unconscious
(3)was buried deep
(4)can and will be realized
(5)are expected to share household chores
(6)is generally believed
(7)being criticized in public
(8)being haraed/annoyed by hoodlums
(9)are believed to be genuine
(10)would be found guilty, to be tried by another jury
2)The sentences.(1)The miners nicknamed their union leader “Lefty”.(2)The media describe the event as epoch-making.(3)I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty.(4)In those days of poverty, the family kept their dreams alive.(5)We'll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children.(6)We should see setbacks and failures as a neceary part of our lives.(7)Lying in bed in the dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window.(8)We look upon Profeor Lin as instructor, friend and adviser all in one.(9)Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances.(10)No matter how late she finishes the day's work, she leaves everything in their place.(11)To our disappointment, we found the new manager competent, but hard to get along with.(12)He foundhimself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave.(13)The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century.(14)When the bus drove near the oak tree, Vingo found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons.(15)Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldn't launch his own company in the summer.5.Learn to use prepositions “above” and “over”.1)Study the use of “above” and “over” in these sentences.(1)to(4): superior to, of greater importance or of higher quality than
(5)and(6): at a higher place or position than
(7)in preference to
(8)and(9): on or upon
(10)throughout the length or duration of
(11)in preference t6
(12)directly above, on the top of
(13)and(14): here and there on or in
(15)and(16): concerning about, because of
2)Complete the sentences by putting “above” or “over” as you see fit.(1)above
(2)over
(3)above
(4)over
(5)over
(6)above
(7)above/over
(8)over
(9)above
(10)over
(11)over
(12)above
(13)Over, over
(14)above
(15)over 6.Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1)B
2)C
3)B
4)C
5)D
6)A
7)B
8)A
9)B
10)D
11)B
12)B
13)C
14)D
15)B
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