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燃放鞭炮
放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻，孩子们一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐，尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。
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Setting Firecrackers
Lighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration.However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities.But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration.Right as the clock strike 12 o'clock midnight of New Year's Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening.Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happine in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.春节的问候(拜年)
在春节第一天或此后不久，大家都穿着新衣服，带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝贺)，彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运，幸福。在中国农村，有些村民可能有数以百计的亲戚，所以他们不得不拿出两个多星期来走亲访友。
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New Year Greetings(Bai Nian)
On the first day of the New Year or shortly thereafter, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and Gongxi(congratulations)，wishing each other good luck, happine during the new year.In Chinese villages, some villagers may have hundreds of relatives so they have to spend more than two weeks visiting their relatives.压岁钱
这是孩子们的父母和祖父母给他们作为春节礼物的钱。压岁钱据说能带来好运，能驱魔;因此，就有了“压岁钱”的称呼。父母和祖父母先把钱放入特制的小红包里，年夜饭后或当孩子们来拜年时，将红包发给他们。他们之所以要把钱放到红包里，是因为中国人认为红色是个幸运色。他们想给自己孩子既有压岁钱还有幸运色。
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Lucky Money
It is the money given to kids from their parents and grandparents as New Year gift.The money is believed to bring good luck, ward off monsters;hence the name “lucky money”.Parents and grandparents first put money in small, especially-made red envelopes and give the red envelopes to their kids after the New Year's Feast or when they come to visit them on the New Year.They choose to put the money in red envelopes because Chinese people think red is a lucky color.They want to give their children both lucky money and lucky color.1.京剧本来是一种地方性的戏剧表演形式，由于它传遍中国大江南北，深受群众欢迎与喜爱，所以就慢慢演变成了逮捕中国艺术特色的全国性戏剧。
2.欢迎各位参加汉语及其汉字体系国际研讨班。能邀请这么多来自五湖四海的汉学家我深感荣幸与愉快。我们将在今后的三周里进行紧张而有意义的学习和交流。
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1.Originally a form of local theatre,Peking Opera all over the country and then became the national opera of China.2.Welcome to the international seminar of chinese and its character system.It's my great pleasure and privilege to have invited so many Sinologists and chinese enthusiasts from all over the world.The next three weeks will see us engaged in intensive and constructive studies and exchanges of opinions.熬夜(“守岁”)
守岁意味着除夕夜不睡觉。年夜饭后，家人聚坐一起，愉快聊天，等待春节的到来。
年夜饭
春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方，习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点)，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。
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Staying up late(“Shousui”)
Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve.After the great dinner, families sit together and chat happily to wait for the New Year's arrival。
New Year Feast
Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year's Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)的范畴很广，包括一系列具有相同基本概 念的医学实践。这个概念起源于中国古代，已经历了数千年的发展。中医诊法包 括把脉(measure the pulse)，检查舌头、皮肤、眼睛，以及询问饮食、睡眠习惯和其他方面。中医蕴含的理念及其复杂性向研究中医如何奏效的研究者提出了挑战。这些研究大多数集中在针灸(acupuncture)和中药等特定形式的疗法上。
参考译文:
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)includes a broadrange of medicine practices sharing common basicconcept which originated in ancient China and has:evolved over thousands of years.TCM diagnosisincludes measuring the pulse,inspecting the tongue,skin, eyes and asking about the eating and sleeping habits of :the patient as well as many otherthings.TCM's complexity and underlying conceptual foundations present challenges forresearchers seeking evidence on how it works.Most researches focus on specific treatmentmodalities, primarily I acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies.腊八节(the Laba Festival)在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标志着春节庆祝 活动的开始。“腊”指“腊月(the 12thlunar month)”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的 是数字8。腊八节通常在1月中旬。大多数汉族人遵循腊八节喝腊八粥(Laba rice porridge)的习俗。腊八粥最早在宋朝传入中国。据史料记载，一些大型寺庙会为穷人提供腊八粥来表达对佛祖(Buddha)的虔诚。明朝时，腊八粥成为皇帝在此节日赏赐群臣的神圣食物。
参考译文:
Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of thelast lunar month, marking the beginning ofcelebrating the Chinese Spring Festival.La means the12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January.The majorityof people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on theLaba Festival.Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty.Accordingto historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show theirfaith to Buddha.In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to awardtheir officials on the festival.乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑(improvise)。人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。
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Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularityand praise in China.For a long time, it has reallybeen the only sport in China and seemed to setfootball,basketball and baseball all rolled into one,but it was more popular.Anyone can play tabletennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to beimprovised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennistables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.传统的中国婚礼流程从求婚开始，新郎会送一封书信至新娘家，请求迎娶他们家的女儿。多数情况下，新郎家会雇用一位专业媒人(matchmaker)沟通双方家庭。准新郎和准新娘的生辰八字(BaZi)也要进行比对，以确保根据中国传统占星学(astrology),这对夫妻不犯冲(compatible)。如今，中国大城市的婚礼跟西方很 相似。然而，在小地方，仍然遵循传统，婚礼流程也基本未变。
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Traditional Chinese wedding proce starts with aproposal for marriage and a、letter is sent from thegroom to the bride's family asking for permiionto marry their daughter.In many cases，aprofeional matchmaker is employed by the igroom's family to communicate the families of both parties.The birthdates of the bride-to-beand groom-to-be are checked to make sure the couple is compatible according to traditionalChinese astrology.Today，wedding ceremonies in large cities of China closely resemble thewestern ones.In smaller places，however，some of the traditions are still kept and the weddingproce remains largely unchanged.早在公元前200年中国人就开始食用面条，它在中国饮食中占据重要的地位，种类繁多，如鸡蛋面、米粉(rice noodles)，绿豆(mung bean)面和小麦面。在中 国北方地区，小麦面条作为主食(staple food)比人米吃得多。米粉则在南方地区更普遍。中国面条有不同的宽度和厚度，似通常都较长，因为中国人认为这象征着长寿，因此面条经常出现在生日庆祝活动中，被称为长寿面(longevity noodles)。
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Noodles were eaten by Chinese as early as 200 BCand occupy an important position in Chinese food.It has many kinds, such as egg noodles, ricenoodles, mung bean noodles and wheat noodles.Inthe northern regions of China, wheat noodles arethe staple food and eaten more than rice.Rice noodles are more commonly consumed insouthern China.Chinese noodles are of varying width and thickne, but they are usually longbecause they symbolize long life for Chinese, which is why noodles are commonly served atbirthday celebrations and called longevity noodles.送礼在中国是种常见礼仪(etiquette)，人们借此表达对友谊、款待的感激或感谢。然而，中国送礼和收礼的礼节与其他文化大为不同。在很长一段历史时期里，当朋友送礼物或款待自己时，有礼貌的人会回报朋友的关心和好意。他们会挑选一个合适的场合礼尚往来，因为他们认为这对加深关系很重要。礼物的选择取决于两人的关系，这与世界上大多数文化都相同。
参考译文:
Giving gifts in China is a common etiquette used toexpre appreciation or gratitude for friendship orhospitality.However, Chinese etiquette of givingreceiving gifts differs a lot from that in othercultures.For a long time in history,people of goodmanners would return favors and kindne when receiving a treat from a friend.They wouldpick up a suitable occasion to offer back as they regard it important to strengthen theirrelationship.As it is the same with most cultures in the world, what to give depends on theirrelationship.中国菜(Chinese cuisine)享誉世界，是世界美食的明珠，并被推崇为全球最为健康的食物。菜系(cooking style)繁多，烹饪方法也不尽相同。其四大要素—色、形、香(aroma)、味，决定了菜的好坏，是判断其水平的标准。中国东北菜的口味变化多端，色彩丰富，造型美观。而南方菜的特点是口味清淡、颜色亮丽，保 留了食材的原始味道。
参考译文:
Chinese cuisine, as a pearl of world cuisine, isfamous and recommended as the healthiest food inthe world.It has various cooking styles and itscooking techniques are also diverse.Chinese cuisinefeatures four elements—color, shape,aroma andtaste, which decide how good it is and they are the criteria of judging its ,quality.NortheasternChinese cuisine’s taste features varied taste, rich color and beautiful shape.While in thesouthern China, the food features light taste, bright color and remains the original flavor ofthe food materials.冰灯(ice lantern)是中国北方广泛创作的冬季艺术品。它最初是为了照明，在 寒冷的冬夜为中国北方的农民和渔民的工作生活提供光源。后来，各种形状和大 小的水晶般透明的冰灯逐渐成为一种民间艺术，冰灯博览会(fair)成为北方特有 的民俗休闲活动。黑龙江省省会哈尔滨是中国冰雪艺术的发源地。1963年元宵节 期间，哈尔滨市在公园举办了首届冰灯博览会，几千盏冰灯和几十枝冰花展出，冰灯和冰花由简单的工具制成，如结冰的盆和篮子。后来，大型年度冰灯博览会 每年都在哈尔滨举行。参考译文:
An ice lantern is a wintertime work of art widelycreated in north China.It was originally made forillumination, providing a light source for the life andwork of farmers and fishermen of north China oncold winter night.Later, the crystal-clear ice lanternsof all shapes and sizes gradually became a folk art and an ice lantern fair became a folkrecreational activity unique to the north.Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province, is thebirthplace of Chinese ice and snow art.During the Lantern Festival in 1963，the city hosted thevery first ice lantern feir in the park, during which over a thousand ice lanterns and dozens ofice flowers made with simple tools like basins and basket for freezing were on display.Later, alarge-scale annual ice lantern feir was held each year in Harbin.
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