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2011年春季英语E 09B09
初三英语复习八年级上第五单元语法
Present Perfect Tense 一． 现在完成时的构成： have/has +动词的过去分词
（一）句式：
1.肯定句
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+。。2.否定句
主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+。。3.疑问句
H ave/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+。。？
二，过去分词的构成（一）规则动词的过去分词
1.规则动词的过去分词和它的过去式相同，即在原形后加-ed(以e结尾的词加d)例如：work-worked
arrive-arrived 2.以元音字母+y结尾的直接加-ed
play-played
stay-stayed 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的改y为I +-ed
study-studied
try – tried 4.plan, stop, drag, beg, drop等重读闭音节单词需要双写一个字母再加-ed.(二)不规则动词的过去分词
有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要逐个记忆。练习一：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.rush _____ ___________ 2.finish __________ __________ 3.play ________ _ 4.study ________ ________ 5.try ________ ______
6.drag ______ _______ 7.beg _______ __________
8.stop ________ ______
9.read _____ ____ 10.lead _________ _________ 11.leave ________ _______
12.feel ____ ____ 13.keep ______ ________ 14.cost _______ _______ 15.cut ________ ________ 16.let _______ __________
17.put _____ __________
18.bring __ ___ 19.meet _______ ________
20.write ________ _________
21.sleep ___ ___ 22.lend ______ _________
23.sit _______ _________
24.do _____ ___ 25.find _________ _______
26.get _________ ________
27.win ____ ___ 28.go ________ ________
三． 现在完成时的用法
一份耕耘，一份收获
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。1）He has lost his key.2)I have bought two apples.2.常常与它连用的时间状语有： already, yet, just, ever, never 1)just: 表明动作是：―刚刚‖发生的，放在助动词have 等词后面
e.g.The taxi has just arrived.（刚刚）
2)already: 通常用于肯定句，表示动作已经发生，放在助动词后面，也可放在句尾加强语气。
e.g.Ken has slready gone.(已经)
I‘ve done it already.3)yet
用于否定句和疑问句
e.g.They haven‘t finished dinner yet.Has Ann worken uo yet? 练习二： 用already或yet 填空。
1.—— Have they taken down the old pictures _________ ? __-_ No, not _________.2.Most of us have ________ come back.3.He hasn‘t visited the museum _______________.4.They haven‘t dome the homework ___________.5.Have you found a job ____________?Yes, I‘ve ____________ found one.6.I have written a letter but I haven‘t post it _______________.4)ever : ―曾经―，用于疑问句
e.g.Have you ever read the book? 5)never :
―从来没有―，用于否定句
e.g.I have never seen him before.A: Have you ever visited Shenzhen?
B: Yes, I have./ No, I have never visited it.练习三：用ever或never填空
1.——Have you __________ been to France?
__ _No, _________________.2.I don‘t like hamburgers at all.So I have _________ eaten one before.3.He is a good child and he has ___________ told lies before.4.Have you ___________ drank cola before?
Hard work makes good haves
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2011年春季英语E 09B09
5.Have you ___________ ridden a horse? 6.I don‘t know the girl.I ‗ve __________ met her.7.--------Have you cleaned our claroom ___________?
_____ Yes, we ‗ve done that ______.3.表示过去动作持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去。此时谓语动词一定是延续性动词。与它连用的时间状语有：
1）for +时间段
He has been here for 10 years
They have lived here for ten years.2)since+时间点（过去某一具体时间）
He has been here since last Monday.Since+时间段+ago
He has been here since 20 days ago.Since+从句（时态用一般过去时）
We have known each other for ten years.练习四：用since或for填空
1.We have learned five leons ____________ the beginning of this term.2.Mrs.Liao has been in hospital ___________ last week.3.I have studied at my aunt‘s __________ two weeks.4.I have been here _________ 1999.5.They have kept the books ___________ one day.6.It has been old ___________ two weeks ago.7.We have learnt a lot ________ we came here.四．拓展一：have been to;have gone to;have been in(at)1.have(has)been to sw
曾经去过某地，已回来 2.have(has)gone to sw
去了某地还未回来 3.have(has)been in(at)sw
表示在某地已经一段时间 试比较： My father isn‘t at home now.He has gone to Beijing.My father came back home yesterday.He has been to Beijing.My father went to Beijing in July.He has been in Beijing for 4 months.练习五：用have gone to, have been to或have been in 填空。
1.——Where are the boy students?
-----They _________________ to the school factory.2.A: Is your father in?
B:No, he ____________________ to Shenzhen.一份耕耘，一份收获
A: ____________ he ever ________ there before?
B: Yes, he _________________ there several times.3.He asked me if I _______________ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _______________ never _________ to that city before.4.My brother __________ the Great Wall three times.5.Alice ______________ the city for ten years.She loves it very much.6.Li Hua worked as a doctor in RenMin hospital.She ___________________ the hospital for 8 years.拓展二：短暂性动词与延续性动词的区分
1.短暂性动词：表示动作的发生与结束一瞬间就完成，不能再延续，如：begin,die,leave,buy,come.go,borrow,join,etc.2.短暂性动词可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语：for+时间段，since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。
e.g.I have just left my school.I have left mu school for one hour.3.如遇到上述情况，可将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词，如：
Buy-have
borrow-keep
come/go/become-be
die_be dead Finish(end)-be over
begin _ be on
fall asleep_ be asleep
leave ——be away Open_be open
close_ be closed
marry _ be married
put on _ be on Arrive in(at)_ be arrived in/at
get to/reach_ be here/there Join the army _ be in the army/be a solider
Join the League _ be in the League/be a league member 3.例句。
1）老师离开半小时了。
The teacher has been away for half an hour.The teacher left half an hour ago.2)我叔叔去英国十年了。
My uncle has beeb in England for ten years.My uncle went to England ten years ago.3)我妹妹借这本书两天了。
My sister has kept this book for two days.Hard work makes good haves
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2011年春季英语E 09B09
My sister borrowed this book two days ago.练习六：改写同意句。
1.We bought the book three years ago.= We ______ __________ the book for three years.2.I became a student two years ago.= I ______ ________ a student for two years.3.He has been in England for ten years.= He ______ ______ England ten years _______.4.Mr.Black died three years ago.= Mr.Black ____ _________ ______for three years.5.The film began half an hour ago.=The film has _________ __________ for half an hour.6.He has been a teacher for 10 years.=He has _________ a teacher ________1998.7.Mr.Smith came to this school in September.Mr.Smith ________ ____________ at this school _______ September.8.Peter joined the army three years ago.Peter has ________ __________ the army for three years.=Peter has ____________ a soldier ___________ three years.五．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。（强调动作发生的时间）
2.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响，强调的是现在。（侧重动作的结果）试比较：I have just lost my pen.I lost my pen yesterday.3.一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last year,three days ago, just now, in 1993,on 10 May…
4.现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，其时间状语往往是since…,for….just,never,ever,before,already.yet,so far等或无时间状语。
单选
1.Li Mei is only a ten-year-old girl;but she __________ to draw for about five years.A.learns
B.learned
C.would learn
D.has learned 2.There __________ a lot of rain again last week.We __________ too much rain this month.A.was;had
B.was;have had
C.has been;has had
D.has beeb;had 3.My family __________supper when suddenly I __________ a heavy knock on the door.A.are having;heard
B.were having;have heard
C.were having;heard D.have had;was hearing
一份耕耘，一份收获
4.Jim no longer studies here.He __________ to London with his parents.Hard work makes good haves
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