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倒装
在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面,这样的语序叫做“倒装“
倒装的种类:部分倒装----助动词情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词 全部倒装----谓语+主语 一.在特殊句型中: 1.在疑问句中: eg: Is this your cell phone number? What do you prefer? 2.在感叹句中: eg: How happy they are!What fun it is!3.在虚拟条件句中: eg: If I were a bird, I could fly freely.=……
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn’t have lent him the money.Long live peace!May our friendship be everlasting!4.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时;eg: “You should have been here earlier,” said the teacher.“You,” said his father, “do the housework.” 二.在以下结构中用全部倒装: 1.在there be句型中;
eg: There are thousands of people gathering on the square.There lived an old fisherman in the village.2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(动词为be, go, come等;eg: Now comes my turn.There goes the bell.Then came the order to leave.3.在“out in, up down, offaway”以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首时;eg: Away went the crowed one by one.In came a stranger in black.Down fell the leaves.On the floor were piles of old books.注意:若主语是人称代词,则用正常语序----adv.+主语+谓语;eg: Out she went.Here we are.4.有时为了强调表语,构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构;eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!在以下结构中用部分倒装: 1.含有否定意义的adv或conj(not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, by no means等位于句首时;eg: He cannot speak an English word.----Not an English word can he speak.I have never seen him before.----Never ……
The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.----Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.注意:not until引导的句子,主句倒装,从句不用倒装。
2.only位于句首,且修饰状语时,主句倒装;eg: Only in this way can you use the computer well.只有意识到这门课的重要,我们才能学好它。Only she can settle this problem.(TF? 3.so用在句首,表示另一主语“也”时,用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词+主语”结构(有时也用as替代;若表示另一主语“也不”时,用“NorNeither + be(have,助动词或情态动词+主语”结构;eg: She has been to Heifei.So have we.It is cold today.So it is.(TF? She won’t accept that invitation.NeitherNor will he.注意:(1“So + 主语+ be(have,助动词或情态动词”表示对前面所说的话加以肯定,译为“的确如此”;
(2若前面所说的既有肯定又有否定,或前后的谓语动词形式不一致, 用“It is the same with + 主语”或“So it is with + 主语”;
eg: He worked hard, but didn’t pa the exam.So it was with his sister.She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching.So it is with him.4.在”as(尽管”引导的让步状语从句中;(可以换成though eg: Shortest though she is, she is the richest.(最高级前不用冠词 Child as he is, he knows a lot.(单数名词前不用a Fail as I did, I would try again.(动词提前,助动词留在原位
Hard as he tried, he couldn’t pa the exam.(副词提前
5.在”so…that…”和”such…that…”句型中的so和such位于句首时,用”sosuch + adj + 主语+谓语”;
eg: So difficult was the exam that more than a half of the students failed.
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