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Name:张莉
Number: A32009011009 Course:修辞学 Teacher:葛老师 Date: 2012-5-5
An Analysis of the Inaugural Addre of John F.Kenned
In 1961 when the cold war was reaching its peak and there was also the wide-spread movement of national liberation throughout the world, JFK became the 35th president of the United States, the youngest man---and the first Catholic---ever elected to the office.Cocksure and bellicose, this young president delivered his Inaugural Addre with a flourish of rhetoric.Millions of his audience were reportedly moved by JFK's inaugural addre, not by what JFK was saying, but by how he phrased it.His addre is a very good example of the power of words.Kennedy’s speech is designed to convince and to persuade.To convince the American people and the world that the president and his team were capable of leadership;to persuade the allies to stand with the United States;to persuade the newly independent countries and other poor third world countries that the new administration would be friendly to them… All of these themes will be revealed from the following analysis:
(1)First, the speech’s words are chosen in a deliberate way.For instance, there are some adjective words concerning convinces and persuade in the speech: “steady, powerful” in paragraph 13;“fruitful” in paragraph 23;“solemn” in paragraph 1;“peaceful” in paragraph 9.Words are various from verbs to nouns: such as “loyalty, power, commit”;“pledge” in paragraph5, 7, 10, 8…in order to show speaker's paion and draw audience's attention.It makes the speech appeal to emotion.The words “us, me, our” convey a kind of team spirit and makes the team’s inner differences smaller;make people feel more comfortable and thus it is easier to gain their support.(2)Second, syntactically, there are various types of sentences in this speech.Grammatically, there are 20 simple sentences like “the world is very different now” in paragraph2;compound sentences like “ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country” in paragraph 25;complex sentence like “since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been…national loyalty” in paragraph 21;compound-complex sentences like “for only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.” in paragraph 12.Functionally, apart from a lot of declarative sentences like “this much we pledge--and more” in paragraph 5, there are also 14 imperative sentences like “let both…”in paragraph 15—18, they gave rise to resonance and increased speaker's tone.Short sentences are also used to make the meaning easy to understand.With the help of different types of sentences, the whole eay was displayed in an appropriate way.(3)Third, the speech is rich in figures of speech.Both phonetic and syntactic figures of speech are adopted.Phonetically, alliteration, consonance and pun are used, which makes the speech more rhythmic, appealing and witty.Alliteration often produces some aesthetic appeal and helps readers to remember.There are more than 27 cases of alliteration in the speech:” …we shall pay any price, ．．bear any burden…to aure the survival and the succe of liberty” in paragraph 4;．．．．“…the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…．lead the ．land we ．love…” in ．．．．paragraph 27;“precise proposals” in paragraph 16 and so on.The use of alliteration ．．helps to catch audience’s attention and strengthen the expreive force.The typical example of consonance is in paragraph 4” well or ill”;” cultura．l and ．．spiritual” in paragraph 6...．Pun is reflected by the word “judge”.It is a homophone.It refers to a person in the speech, but actually, it implies the right action, which is accepted by lots of people in the world.Syntactically, the speech’s use of repetition and parallelism helps to make the language musical, emphatic, attractive and memorable.Repetition is the dominate figure in the speech.It runs through the whole speech, in paragraph 6, 7,8,10,11,17,18...“To those...”5 times;” let both...” 4 times.Through the repetition, Kennedy’s attitudes towards different countries are revealed.It is beneficial to convince and persuade those countries to stand with America.Besides, it strengthens the speech’s emotions and tone and also the artistic appeal of the language.There are more than 20 cases of parallelism in the speech: in paragraph1, 3, 4, 14, 22 and so on.Among which in paragraph15, 16, 17, 18 repetition and parallelism are used together to help audience catch his thought of speech, thus makes is easy to convey his ideas.“Let both sides explore...”and “Let both sides...”and “Let both sides seek...”and “Let both sides unite...” which makes the speech a powerful appeal.Anaphora is used in paragraph 14:”So let us begin anew… Let us never negotiate…Let us never fear …” it is a kind of repetition of the same word at the beginning of succeive clauses, sentences or verses.Anaphora and Parallelism are often used jointly to gain more emphasis to convey strong emotions.The above sentence in paragraph 14 is also a case in point.Through the adoption of the two rhetorical devices, the strong emotions of appealing is revealed.In conclusion, the above paragraphs analyze the speech “Inaugural Addre” both lexically and syntactically.Figures of speech are also analyzed in detail with examples.Furthermore, Kennedy's inaugural addre is a great claic.It’s succeful.
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