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一．词汇缩写
PE polyethylene 聚乙烯 PP polypropylene 聚丙烯 PS polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 PMMA polymethyl methacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 PVC polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯 PS polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 PRMs particle-reinforced metals 颗粒增强金属基复合材料NBR nitrile-butadiene rubber 腈基丁二烯橡胶 LED light-emitting diode 发光二极管
RTV room temperature vulcanized rubber 室温硫化硅橡胶 WC tungsten carbide 碳化钨 PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯 SBR styrene-butadiene rubber 丁苯橡胶 CFRP carbon-fiber reinforced plastics 碳纤维增强塑料 XRD X-ray diffraction X射线衍射 FED shape-memory alloys 形状记忆合金 OM optical microscope 光学显微镜
DBT ductile to brittle temperature 韧脆转变温度
SEM scanning electron microscope 扫描电镜
EPMA electron probe micro-analysis 电子探针微区分析 TEM transmiion electron microscope 透射电镜 PU polyurethane 聚氨酯
二．词汇翻译
specific strength 比强度 specific elastic modulus 比弹性模量 nonferrous alloys 有色金属 tensile strength 抗拉强度 yield strength 屈服强度Aluminum-lithium alloy 铝锂合金 fracture strength 断裂强度 compreive strength 抗压强度 transverse strength 抗挠强度
age hardened 时效强化
strain-hardened 应变强化 elasticplastic deformation 弹塑性变形 element segregation 元素偏析 at elevated temperature 在高温下 plastic material 塑性材料 brittle material 脆性材料 thermocouples 热电偶 integrated circuit 集成电路 recrystallization temperature 再结晶温度 gla transition temperature 玻璃转变温度 engineering strestrain 工程应力（应变）interfacial bond strength 界面连接强度
power metallurgy 粉末冶金 diffusion bonding 扩散连接 liquid phase sintering 液相烧结
squeeze-infiltration 挤压渗透
stir-casting 搅拌铸造 thermal-conductivity 热导率 electronic packing 电子封装 internal stre 内应力 steel reinforced concrete 钢筋混泥土surface stre表面应力 interface stre 界面应力 elongation 延伸率 shrinkage 断面收缩率 brittle fracture 脆性断裂 ductile fracture 延时断裂 polydimethylsiloxane 聚二甲硅氧烷 natural rubber 天然橡胶 synthetic rubber合成橡胶 aramid fiber 芳香聚酰胺纤维 thermoplastic polymers 热塑性材料 thermosetting polymers 热固性材料 fine grain 细晶 thermal expansion coefficients 热膨胀系数 chemical intertne 化学惰性 soda-lime 碱石灰 pore-free ware 无孔陶瓷 nucleating agent 形核剂 steel reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土combustion engines 内燃机 thermal shock 热冲击 high-temperature firing 高温烧结
frictional forces 摩擦力
solid solution strengthening 固溶强化 sewer pipes 下水管道 wrought alloys 锻造合金 corrosive media 腐蚀媒介 cellular ceramic 蜂窝陶瓷
weight percent 质量分数 volume fraction 体积分数 reinforcing constituent 增强剂 thermal expansivity 热扩散极 cemented carbides 硬质合金 transmit visible light 可透光 firing pottery 烧结陶瓷 thermal barrier tile 隔热瓦片 load-bearing capacity 承载能力 medical imaging 医学影像 spark plug 火花塞 laser printer 激光打印 optical transparency 透光性 heat exchanges 热交换器 plumbing fixture 管道设置 basic refractory 碱性陶瓷 special refractory 特种陶瓷 thermal insulation 绝热性 precipitation hardening 沉淀强化furnace linings 炉衬 formation of a bonding phase 形成相连接
liquid coolant 冷却液
inert particle 惰性颗粒 quantitative proce 量化过程
percolating phase 渗透相
martensitic transformation 马氏体转变 welding electrode 焊接电极 centrifugal stre 离心力ambient atmosphere 周围环境 surgical implant 外科移植 hand-held devices 便携设备 incandescent light filament 白炽灯丝 dental restoration 牙齿修正 oxidation resistance 抗氧化 refining technique 提炼技术 solidus temperature 固相温度 liquidus temperature 液相温度 crystal growth furnace 晶体增殖炉 intermetallic compound 金属间化合物
三．简答部分
1.比强度：specific strength=strength/density 2.青黄铜区别：bra→Cu+Zn bronze→Cu+tin,aluminum,silicon.nickel, 3.铝锂合金物理性能：(1)a relatively low density(2)high specific moduli(elastic modulus-specific gravity ratios)(3).excellent fatigue and low-temperature toughne(4).some of them may be precipitation hardened(5).used by aircraft, aerospace industries.钛合金性能及应用：（1）pure metal has a relatively low density a high melting point and an elastic modulus of 107GP.(2)Titanium alloys are extremely strong room temperature tensile strength as high as 1400MPa.yielding remarkable specific strength.(3)highly ductile and easily forged and machined.(4).high corrosion resistance at normal temperature,but chemical reactivity at elevated temperature.(5).virtually immune to air,marine,and a variety of industrial environments.(6).Applications: airplane structure, space vehicles, surgical implants.4.难熔合金：Refractory metals :niobium(Nb铌）molybdenum(Mo钼)tungsten(W钨）tantalum（Ta钽）贵金属：silver, gold, platinum(Pt 铂）palladium(Pd 钯）rhodium(Rh 铑）ruthenium(Ru 钌）iridium(Ir 铱）osmium(Os 锇）
5玻璃和玻璃陶瓷的区别:(1)composition:notably CaO,Na2O,K2O andAL2O3 VS a nucleating agent(2)microstructure: noncrystalline silicates vs fine-grained polycrystalline(3).physical characteristic: optical transparency,easy to be fabricated vs low coefficient of thermal expansion, relatively high thermal conductivities(4).mechanical: vs relatively high mechanical strength(5).application: containers,windows,lenses,fibergla vs ovenware,tableware,electrical insulators 6.复合材料根据基体分类：composites(matrix phase):(1)MMC metal-matrix composite(2)CMC ceramic-matrix composite(3)PMC polymer-matrix composite 7.金属基复合材料分类：(1)particle-reinforced metals 颗粒增强体金属基复合材料(2)short fibre-and whisker-reinforced metals 短纤维和晶须增强体（3）continuous fibre-reinforced metals 连续纤维增强体金属基复合材料（4）monofilament-reinforced metals 单丝增强体金属基复合材料（5)interpenentrating phase composites 渗透相增强金属基复合材料（6）liquid phase sintered metallic materials液相烧结金属基复合材料
8..陶瓷分类：（1）gla-glaes gla-ceramic;(2)clay products-structural clay products white wares;(3).refractories-fireclaysilicabasicspecial;(4)abrasives;(5)cements;(6).advanced ceramics.9.聚合物特点：(1)no brittlene(2)lower melting point(3).high strength along it’s chain and low strength between it’s chains(4)lightweight low-cost(5)higher chemical reactivity(6).Man-made materials 10.涂层作用：(1)to protect the item from the environment that may produce corrosive or deteriorative reactions;(2)to improve the appearance(3)to provide electrical insulation 11.专业写作风格：（1）Ways of Using Language： Habitual vs.Peculiar（2）Ways of Expreion: Formal vs.Informal Try to avoid noticeable informality and subjectivity.（3).Ways of Writing: Profeional vs.Non-profeional Be impersonal and free from emotional factors.The focus is on the data and the scientific analysis of the data.
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