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《免疫学导论》（于善谦等编，高等教育出版社）
双语教学辅助资料
Auxiliary Material of Bilingual Teaching
for Introduction to Immunology
蚌埠医学院免疫学教研室
Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College
Feb.to Jun.2006
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1-1 Origination and development of Immunology 1-2 Eential points of concepts of immunology
CHATPTER TWO ANTIGEN 2-1 Basic concept and types of antigen 2-2 The molecular base of antigen 2-3 The immunological features of antigen 2-4 Invasive and infectious antigens
CHAPTER THREE ANTIBODIES 3-1 Structures and claes of immunoglobulins 3-2 The gene of immunoglobulins 3-3 Synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins
CHAPTER FOUR COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
4-1 Composition and physiochemical properties of complement system 4-2 Complement activation 4-3 The control of complement reaction and biological effect of complements 4-4 Biosynthesis of complement and complement deficiency
CHAPTER FIVE CELLS, TISSUES AND ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM 5-1 The structure and function of organs and lymphoid tiue and organs 5-2 The cells in immune system
CHAPTER SIX MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
6-1 Structure and function of major histocompatibility antigen 6-2 Gene structure and genetics of major histocompatibilty complex 6-3 The Principle and application of detection for MHC
CHAPTER SEVEN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION AND ITS APPLICATION 7-1 Antibody preparations
7-2 The principle of antigen-antibody reaction 7-3 Common techniques in immuno-analysis
CHAPTER EITHT CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
8-1 Basic concept for immune response 8-2 The basic proce of immune response, 8-3 Cell apoptosis and immunity
CHAPTER NINE IMMUNE REGULATION 9-1 The regulation of antigen and antibody in the
immune response
9-2 The regulatory effect of immune cells in
immune response
9-3 Interleukins and Immune regulation 9-4 Immune tolerance
CHAPTER TEN HYPERSENSITIVITY 10-1 Type I Hypersensitivity
10-2 Type II Hypersensitivity(Cytotoxic
Hypersensitivity)
10-3 Type III Hypersensitivity(Immune complex
hypersensitivity)
10-4 Type IV Hypersensitivity(Delayed Type
Hypersensitivity)
CHAPTER ELEVEN ABNORMAL IMMUNE
RESPONSES
11-1 Auto immune response 11-2 Transplantation Immunology 11-3 Anti-tumor Immunology 11-4 Immunologic deficiency
CHAPTER TWELVE THE EVOLUTION OF
IMMUNE SYSTEM
12-1 The immunity of invertebrate animals 12-2 The immune evolution of vertebrate animals CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION（绪言）
1-1
Origination and development of 1-2
Eential points of concepts of Immunology immunology 1-1-1 Infection and immunity of 1-2-1 Innate immunity and acquired diseases immunity
1-1-2 Foundation and development of 1-2-2 Immune response the discipline of Immunology 1-2-3 Immunology and practically 1-1-3 Recent development of applications Immunology 1-2-4 Branches of Immunology and their development
The term “IMMUNITY”, originally, and might still be considered by people, means the ability of host to resistance to infectious disease.However, the modern concept of immunity is conferring the host the specific function to recognize and neutralize and/or eliminate foreign materials or substances(biological or non-biological, and even sometime self tiue components)to maintain the homeostasis of host internal environment.Immunity includes innate immunity and acquired immunity, the former is inherent, very quick, and non-specific respond to invasive pathogens;whereas the latter is acquired and adapted after birth of host, and induced specific respond to foreign material(infectious or noninfectious).The Immunology is a study to focusing on how of host to recognition of self and non-self, and how of the response to foreign material(Antigen)and
1-1 Origination and development of Immunology 1-1-1 Infection of and immunity to diseases Fetal epidemic disease, smallpox(variola), dead rate by smallpox 30-40%;killed millions of peoples in this globe before nineteenth century.From Song Dynasty Chinese doctor invested a technique called variolation(人痘接种法)to prevent children from smallpox
1798, an young doctor in England, Jenner, created a new method, vaccination（牛痘接种法）, to prevent the children from smallpox, and finally, by using this very effective technique, the smallpox, a fatal epidemic disease has been eliminated in the world, stated by the WHO in 1979.orbility smallpox, measles(, thypho, cholera(伤寒)，anthrax 鼠疫 鼠疫，疟疾malaria 1-1-2 Foundation and development of the discipline of Immunology
（1）1.Foundation of immunology
(1)Louis Pasteur, was a famous biochemist in France in 19th century, contributed his lots of effort to immunization to prevent animal and human from several serious diseases(cholera霍乱, anthrax炭疽, rabies(狂犬病)---vaccination---active immunization
（2）.Development of experimental immunology
1-1-3 Recent development of I mmunology(1).Humoral immunology，(2).Cellular immunology
1-2 Eential points of concepts of immunology 1-2-1 Innate immunity and acquired immunity
1-2-2 immune response
1-2-3 Immunology and practically applications
1-2-4 Branches of Immunology and their development
Basic concept or definition for the term “IMMUNITY”, originally, and usually still be considered by common people, means the ability of host to resistance to infectious disease.However, at present, the modern concept of immunity, is conferring the host specific functions to recognize and final neutralize and/or eliminate foreign materials or substances(biological or non-biological, and even sometime self)to maintain the homeostasis of host internal environment.Immunity include innate immunity and acquired immunity, the former is inherent, very quick, and non-specific respond to invasive pathogens;whereas the latter is acquired and adapted after birth of host, and induced specific respond to foreign material(infectious or noninfectious).The Immunology is a study to focusing on how of host to recognition of self and non-self, and how of the response to foreign material(Antigen)and
1-1 Origination and development of Immunology 1-1-1 Infection of and immunity to diseases
Fetal epidemic disease, smallpox(variola), dead rate by smallpox 30-40%;From Song Dynasty Chinese doctor invested a technique called variolation(人痘接种法)to prevent children from smallpox
1798, an young doctor in England, Jenner, created a new method, vaccination（牛痘接种法）, to prevent the children from smallpox, and finally, by using this very effective technique, the smallpox, a fatal epidemic disease has been eliminated in the world, stated by the WHO in 1979.orbility smallpox, measles(, thypho, cholera(伤寒)霍乱，anthrax炭疽 鼠疫 鼠疫，疟疾malaria
1-1-2 Foundation and development of the discipline of Immunology
1-1-3 Recent development of Immunology
1-2 Eential points of concepts of immunology 1-2-1 Innate immunity and acquired immunity
1-2-2 immune response
1-2-3 Immunology and practically applications
1-2-4 Branches of Immunology and their development
CHATPTER TWO ANTIGEN（抗原）
2-1 Basic concept and types of antigen 2-1-1 antigen and immunogen 2-1-2 claes/types of antigen
2-2 The molecular base of antigen 2-2-1 chemical features of antigen 2-2-2 antigen determinants
2-3 The immunological features of antigen 2-3-1 The exogenicity of antigen 2-3-2 The relation of immunogenecity
2-1 Basic concept and types of antigen 2-1-1 antigen and immunogen
2-1-2 claes/types of antigen
2-2 The molecular base of antigen 2-2-1 chemical features of antigen
2-2-2 antigen determinants
to individual and immunization manner
2-3-3 The specificity of antigen and
immuno-predominance of antigen
2-3-4 The immunologic feature of
hapten
2-4 Invasive and infectious antigens 2-4-1 Bacteria 2-4-2 Fungi 2-4-3 virus
2-3 The immunological features of antigen 2-3-1 The exogenicity of antigen
2-3-2 The relation of immunogenecity to individual and immunization manner
2-3-3 The specificity of antigen and immuno-predominance of antigen
2-3-4 The immunologic feature of hapten
2-4 Invasive and infectious antigens 2-4-1 Bacteria
2-4-2 Fungi
2-4-3 Virus CHAPTER THREE ANTIBODIES（抗体）
3-1 Structures and claes of Immunoglobulins 3-1-1 The basic structure of antibodies 3-1-2 Claes and types of immunoglobulins 3-2 The gene of immunoglobulins 3-2-1 The gene structures of immunoglobulins 3-2-2 Rearrangement and expreion
of immunoglobulin genes
3-2-3 The diversity of
immunoglobulin genes
3-3 Synthesis and secretion of
immunoglobulin
3-3-1 Humoral immune response and
the production of antibodies
3-3-2 Expreion, aemble and
secretion of immunoglobulin 3-1 Structures and claes of Immunoglobulins 3-1-1 The basic structure of antibodies
3-1-2 Claes and types of immunoglobulins
3-2 The gene of immunoglobulins 3-2-1 The gene structures of immunoglobulins
3-2-2 Rearrangement and expreion of immunoglobulin genes
3-2-3 The diversity of immunoglobulin genes
3-3 Synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin 3-3-1 Humoral immune response and the production of antibodies
3-3-2 Expreion, aemble and secretion of immunoglobulin CHAPTER FOUR COMPLEMENT SYSTEM（补体系统）
4-1 Composition and physiochemical properties of complement system 4-1-1 Nomenclature of complement components 4-1-2 The physiochemical properties of complement components 4-2
Complement activation 4-2-1 The Claical pathway of complement activation 4-2-2 The lectin pathway of complement activation 4-2-3 The alternative pathway of complement activation.4-2-4 Membrane lysing complex formation in late phase of complement activation 4-2-5 Comparison of three pathways
in complement activation
4-3 The control of complement
reaction and biological effect of complements
4-3-1 Regulating protein of
complement activation in serum
4-3-2 Regulate protein on the surface
of cell membrane
4-3-3 Complement receptors 4-3-4 The biological function of
complement protein
4-4
Biosynthesis of complement and
complement deficiency
4-4-1 The gene of complements
4-4-2 The biosynthesis of complement 4-4-3 Complement deficiency and
complement deficient diseases 4-1 Composition and physiochemical properties of complement system 4-1-1 Nomenclature of complement components
4-1-2 The physiochemical properties of complement components
4-2 Complement activation
4-2-1 The Claical pathway of complement activation
4-2-2 The lectin pathway of complement activation
4-2-3 The alternative pathway of complement activation.4-2-4 Membrane lysing complex formation in late phase of complement activation
4-2-5 Comparison of three pathways in complement activation
4-3 The control of complement reaction and biological effect of complements
4-3-1 Regulating protein of complement activation in serum
4-3-2 Regulate protein on the surface of cell membrane
4-3-3 Complement receptors
4-3-4 The biological function of complement protein
4-4 Biosynthesis of complement and complement deficiency 4-4-1 The gene of complements
4-4-2 The biosynthesis of complement
4-4-3 Complement deficiency and complement deficient diseases
CHAPTER FIVE CELLS, TISSUES AND ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
（免疫系统的细胞、组织和器官）
5-1 The structure and functions of organs and lymphoid tiue and organs 5-1-1 The composition and function of primary lymphoid tiues and organs 5-1-2 The composition and function of secondary lymphoid tiues and organs 5-1-3 Lymphocyte re-circulation
5-2
The cells in immune system 5-2-1 B cells 5-2-2 T cells
5-2-3 Natural killer cells and natural
suppreor cells
5-2-4 phagocytes, granulocytes and
mast cells
5-2-5 Langerhans cells and dendritic
cells
5-1 The structure and function of organs and lymphoid tiue and organs 5-1-1 The composition and function of primary lymphoid tiues and organs
5-1-2 The composition and function of secondary lymphoid tiues and organs
5-1-3 Lymphocyte re-circulation
5-2 The cells in immune system
5-2-1 B cells
5-2-2 T cells
5-2-3 Natural killer cells and natural suppreor cells
5-2-4 phagocytes, granulocytes and mast cells
5-2-5 Langerhans cells and dendritic cells
CHAPTER SIX MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
（主要组织相容性复合体）
6-1 Structure and function of major histocompatibility antigen 6-1-1 Cla I major histocompatibility complex(MHC-I)molecules 6-1-2 Cla II major histocompatibility complex(MHC-II)molecules 6-1-3 The structural base of combination of peptide and MHC molecule
6-2 Gene structure and genetics of major histocompatibility complex 6-2-1 Inheritance and polymorphism of MHC 6-2-2 The gene structure of mouse MHC(H-2)
6-2-3 The gene structure of human
MHC(HLA complex)
6-2-4 Discovery and nomenclature of
HLA
6-3 The Principle and application of
detection for MHC
6-3-1 Detection of Cla I HLA
antigen
6-3-2 Detection of Cla II HLA
antigen
6-3-3 Phenotyping of HLA gene 6-3-4 Applications of detection of
HLA
6-1 Structure and function of major histocompatibility antigen 6-1-1 Cla I major histocompatibility complex(MHC-I)molecules
6-1-2 Cla II major histocompatibility complex(MHC-II)molecules
6-1-3 The structural base of combination of peptide and MHC molecule
6-2 Gene structure and genetics of major histocompatibility complex 6-2-1 Inheritance and polymorphism of MHC
6-2-2 The gene structure of mouse MHC(H-2)
6-2-3 The gene structure of human MHC(HLA complex)
6-2-4 Discovery and nomenclature of HLA
6-3 The Principle and application of detection for MHC 6-3-1 Detection of Cla I HLA antigen
6-3-2 Detection of Cla II HLA antigen
6-3-3 Phenotyping of HLA gene
6-3-4 Applications of detection of HLA
CHAPTER SEVEN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS
（抗原－抗体反应及其应用）
7-1 Antibody preparations 7-2-2 The reaction of antibody to 7-1-1 Antiserum preparation mono valent antigen 7-1-2 The preparation of monoclonal 7-2-3 The reaction of antibody to antibody polyvalent antigen 7-1-3 The preparation of gene
engineering antibody 7-3 Common techniques in 7-1-4 The preparation of catalytic immune-analysis antibody 7-3-1 immune precipitation 7-3-2 immune labeling 7-2 The principle of antigen-antibody 7-3-3 In site immune-analysis reaction 7-3-4 Other applications for 7-2-1 Thermodynamics and dynamics antigen-antibody reaction of antigen-antibody reaction
7-1 Antibody preparations 7-1-1 Antiserum preparation
7-1-2 The preparation of monoclonal antibody
7-1-3 The preparation of gene engineering antibody
7-1-4 The preparation of catalytic antibody
7-2 The principle of antigen-antibody reaction 7-2-1 Thermodynamics and dynamics of antigen-antibody reaction
7-2-2 The reaction of antibody to monovalent antigen
7-2-3 The reaction of antibody to polyvalent antigen
7-3 Common techniques in immuno-analysis 7-3-1 immunoprecipitation
7-3-2 immune labeling
7-3-3 In site immuno-analysis
7-3-4 Other applications for antigen-antibody reaction
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
（细胞介导的免疫应答）
8-1 Basic concept for immune response 8-1-1 Non-specificity and specificity of immune response 8-1-2 Active immunity, paive immunity and adoptive immunity 8-1-3 Anergy
8-2
The basic proce of immune response, 8-2-1 Antigen presenting cells
8-1 Basic concept for immune response 8-1-1 Non-specificity and specificity of immune response
8-1-2 Active immunity, paive immunity and adoptive immunity
8-1-3 Anergy
8-2 The basic proce of immune response, 8-2-1 Antigen presenting cells
8-2-2 T cell activation
8-2-2 T cell activation
8-2-3 Exogenous antigen induced
immune response
8-2-4 Endogenous antigen induced
immune response
8-3
Cell apoptosis and immunity 8-3-1 The features of cell apoptosis 8-3-2 Detection of cell apoptosis 8-3-3 Effect of cell apoptosis on the
immune response
8-2-3 Exogenous antigen induced immune response
8-2-4 Endogenous antigen induced immune response
8-3 Cell apoptosis and immunity 8-3-1 The features of cell apoptosis
8-3-2 Detection of cell apoptosis
8-3-3 Effect of cell apoptosis on the immune response
CHAPTER NINE IMMUNE REGULATION（免疫调节）
9-1 The regulation of antigen and antibody in the immune response 9-1-1 The antigen regulation 9-1-2 The antibody regulation 9-1-3 The regulatory effect of idiotype-anti-idiotype antibodies
9-2 The regulatory effect of immune cells in immune response 9-2-1 Immune regulation of T cells 9-2-2 Immune regulation of other immune cells
9-3 Interleukins and Immune
regulation
9-3-1 The catalog of cytokines 9-3-2 Interleukins
9-3-3 Other cytokines produced by T
cells
9-4
Immune tolerance
9-4-1 Discovery of the immune
tolerance
9-4-2 Foundation requirement and
induction pathway of immune tolerance
9-4-3 The mechanism for Immune
tolerance
9-1 The regulation of antigen and antibody in the immune response 9-1-1 The antigen regulation
9-1-2 The antibody regulation
9-1-3 The regulatory effect of idiotype anti-idiotype antibodies
9-2 The regulatory effect of immune cells in immune response 9-2-1 Immune regulation of T cells
9-2-2 Immune regulation of other immune cells
9-3 Interleukins and Immunoregulation 9-3-1 The catalog of cytokines
9-3-2 Interleukins
9-3-3 Other cytokines produced by T cells
9-4
Immune tolerance
9-4-1 Discovery of the immune tolerance
9-4-2 Foundation requirement and induction pathway of immune tolerance
9-4-3 The mechanism for Immune tolerance
CHAPTER TEN HYPERSENSITIVITY（超敏反应）
10-1
Type I Hypersensitivity
10-1-1 The pathogenic mechanism of Type I hypersensitivity 10-1-2 Allergen in Type I Hypersensitivity 10-1-3 IgE and receptor for IgE 10-1-4 Common diseases induced by Type I Hypersensitivity
10-2 Type II Hypersensitivity(Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity)10-2-1 Injury mechanism of Type II Hypersensitivity 10-2-2 Type II Hypersensitivity and diseases
10-3 Type III Hypersensitivity 10-1 Type I Hypersensitivity
10-1-1 The pathogenic mechanism of Type I hypersensitivity
10-1-2 Allergen in Type I Hypersensitivity
10-1-3 IgE and receptor for IgE
10-1-4 Common diseases induced by Type I Hypersensitivity
10-2 Type II Hypersensitivity(Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity)
(Immune complex hypersensitivity)
10-3-1.The pathogenic causes of Type
III hypersensitivity
10-3-2 Common immune complex
diseases
10-4 Type IV Hypersensitivity
(Delayed Type Hypersensitivity)
10-4-1 Delayed Type Hypersensitivity 10-4-2 Intercellular reaction in delayed
type hypersensitivity
10-4-3
Common Type IV
hypersensitivity diseases
10-2-1 Injury mechanism of Type II Hypersensitivity
10-2-2 Type II Hypersensitivity and diseases
10-3 Type III Hypersensitivity(Immune complex hypersensitivity)10-3-1.The pathogenic causes of Type III hypersensitivity
10-3-2 Common immune complex diseases
10-4 Type IV Hypersensitivity(Delayed Type Hypersensitivity)10-4-1 Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
10-4-2 Intercellular reaction in delayed type hypersensitivity
10-4-3 Common Type IV hypersensitivity diseases
CHAPTER ELEVEN ABNORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSES
（异常免疫应答）
11-1 Auto immune response
11-1-1 The causes of auto immune response 11-1-2 Autoimmune diseases
11-2 Transplantation Immunology 11-2-1 Type of transplantation and immune response in allograft 11-2-2 Transplant antigen and transplant immunity 11-2-3 The approaches to reduce rejection of transplant
11-1 Auto immune response
11-1-1 The causes of auto immune response
11-1-2 Autoimmune diseases
11-2 Transplantation Immunology 11-2-1 Type of transplantation and immune response in allograft
11-2-2 Transplant antigen and transplant immunity
11-2-3 The approaches to reduce rejection of transplant
11-3 Anti-tumor Immunology 11-3-1 Tumor antigen
11-3-2 Host immune response to
tumor
11-3-3 Surveillance of and escape
from immunity to tumor
11-3-4 The therapeutic strategies in
immunity to tumor
11-4
Immunologic deficiency 11-4-1 Inherent immune deficiency 11-4-2 Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
11-3 Anti-tumor Immunology 11-3-1 Tumor antigen
11-3-2 Host immune response to tumor
11-3-3 Surveillance of and escape from immunity to tumor
11-3-4 The therapeutic strategies in immunity to tumor
11-4 Immunologic deficiency 11-4-1 Inherent immune deficiency
11-4-2 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome CHAPTER TWELVE THE EVOLUTION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
（免疫系统的进化）
12-1 The immunity of invertebrate animals
12-1-1 Immune cells and their
defense ability 12-1-2 The functions of soluble immune factors in humoral fluid 12-1-3 Transplant immunity and MHC like functions
12-2
The immune evolution of
vertebrate animals
12-2-1 The lymphoid tiues in
primary vertebrate animals
12-2-2 Comparison of lymphotiue
evolution between
invertebrates and vertebrates
12-2-3 The evolutions of lymphocytes
and immune molecules in vertebrates 12-1 The immunity of invertebrate animals 12-1-1 Immune cells and their defense ability
12-1-2 The functions of soluble immune factors in humoral fluid
12-1-3 Transplant immunity and MHC like functions
12-2 The immune evolution of vertebrate animals 12-2-1 The lymphoid tiues in primary vertebrate animals
12-2-2 Comparison of lymphotiue evolution between invertebrates and vertebrates
12-2-3 The evolutions of lymphocytes and immune molecules in vertebrates
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