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高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈
张先红 滁州市 全椒县 古河中学
2013-11-6 21:32:32
高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈
我国学生学习英语的环境基本上是一个非母语的环境，目前的学习条件如师资、设备、环境等从总体上说并不令人满意。我并不赞同以往的语法翻译教学法，但一味的淡化语法并不利于学生学好英语。语法好比语言的密码，不懂语法显然是行不通的。高考中写一篇英语作文，这是重视英语语法的考试方法，下面以 定语从句的教学为例谈一下我的具体做法。
一、定语从句的概念及引导词
在（主从）复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词有where,when ,why,在从句中充当状语。
二、定语从句的基本类型
1、限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句一般紧挨先行词，主从复合句之间关系密切，不能用逗号隔开，通常译为一个句子。
e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，主从复合句之间关系不很密切，一般可译为两个句子，如果将从句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。
e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定语从句使用中的注意事项
1、which 与 that之区别
关系代词that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物时，两者有时可换用，有时则不能换用。
（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情况 1)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing„„不定代词时。
e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行词既指人又指物时
e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时
e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first leon that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, any,every修饰时
e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行词是疑问词who,what,which时
Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)关系代词在从句中做表语时
e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情况
1）定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时
e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行词在从句中做介词宾语且介词前置时
e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as与which
(1)as和which都能引导非限定性从句代表整个句子的内容，as
引导的从句可为于句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句却只能位于句末。
e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如„..那样”之意，而which则不含此意。
e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定语从句中多与such, the same,连用，构成such„..as„, the same„.as„形式。
e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、关系代词或关系副词之确定
是用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句，不是取决于先行词，而是看定语从句中需要什么成分，如果需要主语、宾语、表语、定语就用关系代词，如果需要状语就要用关系副词。
e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、几种特殊形式的非限制性定语从句
（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介词短语+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.总之，在日常教学中，加强英语语法教学是非常必要的，对语法中的基础知识要求学生牢固掌握。
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