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VThe Romantic Period
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen(realistic)and Walter Scott(romantic).“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.it is the first generation of poets in romantic period.William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge;Robert Southey
1.William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poets）
① 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)②
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance.It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bli to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights.In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙)and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey ④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 ② 序曲
2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834 The Lake Poets
① 古舟子颂 ② 柯里斯塔贝尔 ③ 忽必烈汗
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
④ 半夜冰霜 ⑤ 忧郁颂
⑥ 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)
3.George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.① 唐•璜
恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记 该隐 ② 当初我们俩分别
4.Persy Byhe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822
① Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppreion ②麦布女王
伊斯兰的反叛 钦契一家
诗辩
无神论的必要性 ③ Lyrics:
西风颂
Theme: The author expre his eagerne to enjoy the boundle freedom from
the reality.Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring.This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life(which would end at death)but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: Percy Byhe Shelley's “Ode to the West Wind” is written in iambic
pentameter.It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet.The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee.The tone is poignant.Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)致云雀
约翰•济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
① Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂
夜莺颂 心灵颂
忧郁颂
②秋颂
Theme:The theme of John Keats' poem, “To Autumn”, is that change is both natural
and beautiful.The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time paes by, but also aerts
that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before.Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change.One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6.Jane Austen简•奥斯丁 She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.①理智与感情
傲慢与偏见(chapter I)
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice diolved 【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a neceary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedne of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckle relationships unsupported by money.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet, Mr.Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
曼斯菲尔德庄园 爱玛
诺桑觉寺 劝导
沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
① 罗伯•罗伊 ② 艾凡赫
VIThe Victorian Period 1832-1900
Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation.Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1.Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
① 匹克威克外传 ② 奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）③ 老古玩店 ④ 圣诞颂歌 ⑤ 董贝父子
⑥ 大卫•科波菲尔 ⑦ 荒凉山庄
艰难时世
⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)⑨ 远大前程
⑩ 我们共同的朋友
是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。
2.William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863
①or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan)②
3.Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855
① 简•爱
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school.There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverne at Thornfield Hall.There she falls in love with the master,Mr.Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g.charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a succeful introduction to the first governe heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-cla working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.② 雪莉 ③ 教师
4.Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854
① 呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr.Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella ②
5.George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880
① 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 ② 米德尔马契
6.Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）① 悼念 To memorialize his friend ②
③ 国王叙事诗
7.Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889
① 我已故的公爵夫人 ② 海外乡思
Elizabeth Barrett Browing:
① 葡萄牙十四行诗
8.Robert Louis Stevenson
① 金银岛
托马斯•哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Weex novels;novels of character and environment）
⑪Novels
① 德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
② 无名的裘德
③ 绿荫下 ④ 远离尘嚣 ⑤ 卡斯特桥市长 ⑥还乡 ⑫Poems
Weex Poems And Other Verses Poems Of The Past And Present The Dynasts 列国
VII1900~1950 The 20th Century Playwrights ① Oscar Wilde ② George Bernard Shaw
1.Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
①4 Comedies:
认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子
一个无足轻重的女人 理想的丈夫 ②Novel:
多利安•格雷的画像 ③ Fairy Stories:
快乐王子故事集
2.George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist ⑪Plays
①Plays Unpleasant
华伦夫人的职业 鳏夫的房产 ②Plays Pleasant
武器与人
左右命运的人 ③Plays
人与超人 匹格玛利翁 苹果车
圣女贞德
Novelists(Realists)
1.Joseph Concrad
①吉姆爷 ②黑暗的心
1.Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkne?
The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of people’s skin in there is black.Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart.2.What is the symbolism of black and white
【Black / dark-】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was suppreed, as the Dark Ages.According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light.According to Heart of Darkne, before the Romans came, England was dark.In the same way, Africa was considered to be in the “dark stage”.【White / light】life, goodne, enlightenment, civilized, religion.Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and darkne means truth(The truth within, therefore dark and obscure.), whitene means falsehood.This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo.The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind.White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths.The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the white man is totally corrupt 3.Comment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards.The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.Civilization, however, must be learned.London itself, in the book a symbol of enlightenment, was once “one of the darker places of the earth” before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background.This savagery is seen in Kurtz.Marlow meets Kurtzand he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.4.Character
【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.【Marlow】 represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.5.Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkne, we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow.The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow.Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story.2.William Somerset Maugham
人性的枷锁
3.Edward Morgan Foster(E.M.Foster)
印度之行 霍华兹别墅
Modernists ⑪3 Novelists
① James Joyce ② David Herbert Lawrence ③ Virgirnia Woolf
1.David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930 ① 儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs.Morel】, daughter of a middle-cla family, is “a woman of character and refinement”, a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath her own cla.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons.She hopes that they will become outstanding
【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make sense of the world around him.He struggle to free from his mother’s influence, but he failed.After his mother has died and he is left alone, in despair.Theme: Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works.He believed that the healthy way of the individual’s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships, Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D.H.Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers ②虹
③恋爱中的女人
④ 查特莱夫人的情人
詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousne
尤利西斯(S_O_C)
一个青年艺术家的肖像 芬尼根的苏醒 都柏林人
3.Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousne ①Novels
达洛维夫人
到灯塔去 浪
雅各布的房间 奥兰朵
幕间
⑫2 Poets ① W.B.Yeats(William Butler Yeats)② T.S.Eliot(Thomas Sterns Eliot)
威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴；The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）⑪collections
① 苇风 责任 ② 塔
旋转的楼梯 ⑫Poems 复活节，1916
第二次来临/再世
到拜占庭航行
2.Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）⑪Poems
① ② 四个四重奏 ③ ⑫Plays ① 大教堂谋杀案
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