一般过去时_一般过去时二

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一般过去时1.一般过去时常用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。在一般过去时态的句子中,要注意其谓语动词要用动词的过去式,尤其是不规则动词的过去式的构成,如see-saw,go-went等;此外,疑问句和否定句要使用助动词did。用在一般过去时态中的时间状语有yesterday,last Tuesday,three weeks ago等,当然,还有由when,before,after等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句。

eg: Mary didn’t stay at home yesterday morning.I often played games by the river when I was young.【中考链接】We were in Qingdao last week and _______ a great time.A.will have B.have had C.had D.have(2008·北京)【解析】选C。根据句中的时间状语last week可知句子用的是一般过去时态,and连接的前后两个并列句,时态要保持一致。故and后也用一般过去时态。

2.有时候,在一个句子中,并没有表明明确的时间状语,但根据句子的意思,可以判断出动作是发生在过去的,因此也用一般过去时态。

eg: I knew he liked collecting match boxes.(我当时知道他收集火柴盒)---Hi, Nancy.How was your trip to the Great Wall?---Hi, Bill.Oh, we had a good time there.(句子在说他们谈论的过去的事,应用一般过去时态。)

【中考链接】①---When _______ your mother ________ you that blue dre, Mary?---Sorry, I really can’t remember.(2008·武汉)

A.does, buy B.has, bought C.had, bought D.did, buy ②---I called you just now, but nobody answered.Where _______?---I was out with my mother.(2008·安徽)

A.were you B.are you C.have you gone D.have you gone 【解析】① 选D。句子问的是“你妈妈合适为你买的那条蓝色的裙子”,可知买裙子的事情发生在过去,故应用一般过去时态。② 选A。根据句意,说的是“我刚才给你打电话,但没人接”,紧接着问“你当时在哪儿”,因此用一般过去时态。

过去进行时1.过去进行时态用来表示过去某一具体时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,其基本构成为was / were +doing。常用在过去进行时态中的时间状语有at this time yesterday,at ten o’clock last night,at that time等以及由when或while引导的时间状语从句。eg: I was listening to the radiio at half past eight yesterday morning.What were you doing when I knocked at the door? 【中考链接】---Were you at home at nine o’clock last night?

---Yes, I _________ a shower at that time.(2008·吉林)A.took B.was taking C.was taken D.am taking 【解析】选B。根据句中的时间状语at nine o’clock last night,可知是过去具体的某一时刻,因此答句应用过去进行时态。

2.表示在过去的某一时间同事发生的两个动作,往往用过去进行时态来表示延续的动作,用一般过去时态来表示短暂的动作。此外,while用来引导时间状语从句时,也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作(动词应为延续性动词);此时,强调动作同时进行。

eg: Mum was cooking dinner when I returned home.Danny was writing a while we wrere watching TV.【中考链接】① The children ______ a P.E.cla on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.(2008 河北)

A.have B.am having C.had D.were having ② I ______my homework while my parents ______ TV last night.(2006·南京)A.did, have watched B.was doing, were watching C.had done, were watching D.would do, were watching 【解析】① 选D。When 引导的时间状语从句是过去时,所以主句的动作是发生在过去的时间点里孩子们正在上体育课,所以用过去进行时态。

② 选B。因为时间状语是在昨晚表示过去的时间,而while用来引导时间状语从句时,也可用过去进行时态来表达主句和从句同事发生的动作,所以选D。

3.过去进行时态还可以用来表示在过去一段时间内持续进行的动作(有时也可以有间歇)。eg: It was snowing last night.We were listening to music the whole morning yesterday.注意,此时用过去进行时态是和一般过去时态有明显的差别的。前者表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(可能没完成),而后者往往表示动作已经完成。eg: I was reading a storybook last night.(强调昨晚一直在看,可能未看完)。I read a storybook last night.(只是表达动作昨晚看故事书了,已看完)。

过去将来时

过去将来时态表示从过去某一时间来看要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有the next day, the next year等。1.构成和一般将来时态相对应,其构成常用以下两种,“would + 动词原形”和“was / were going to + 动词原形”。此外,还可用was / were to do sth.和限于某些瞬间动词come, go, leave等的过去进行时态来表示过去将来。2.用法

(1)常用于宾语从句中。eg: He told me he would come here by train the next week.【中考链接】The Japanese asked when Lucy _________ the USA.(2006·山西))A.flying to B.will fly to C.would fly to D.flew for 【解析】选C。主句中的谓语动词为asked, 从当时看将要发生的动作要用过去将来时。故选C。

(2)叙述发生在过去的故事。

eg: It was a sunny morning.A boy ran on the road and he was going to „(3)表示过去的习惯性动作常用would + do 来表示,相当于uesd to do,意为“过去常常”。

eg: He would often put up his hand in cla when he was young.= He uesd to put up his hand in cla when he was young.过去完成时

过去完成时态常用来表示在“过去的过去”发生或完成的动作,也可用来表示在“过去的过去”发生的动作或状态持续到“过去”,其基本结构为had+done。

1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。也就是我们常说的“过去的过去”,与之常连用的时间状语有by last week, by the end of last year等。并且过去完成时常出现在由when, before, after引导的复合句中。eg: We had finished our homework when cla was over.By the time we got there, he had left.【中考链接】By the end of last year, we _______ more than 2,000 words.A.learned B.have learned C.had learned(2008·青海)【解析】选C。根据句中的时间状语by the end of last year, 说的是“到去年年底为止”,故句子用完成时态。

2.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常与for, since等引导的时间状语连用,句中需用延续性动词。eg: He said he had been a teacher since 2001.The film had been on 10 minutes when we got to the cinima.3.常用在宾语从句中,此时主句为一般过去时。eg: He told me he had finished writing the novel.【中考链接】---Why did Mi Wang look so woried when we saw her?---Because she wondered ______.(2008·南京)A.where did the other students go B.when would the policeman come C.what her students have done during the trip D.if her students had survived the earthquake.【解析】选D。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,所以排除A和B。宾语从句和主句的时态要保持一致,主句是一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态,即过去完成时态,所以选D。

备战中考()1.Our teacher, Mr.Zhang, _____ English on the radio three days ago.A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught()2.---Were you at home at 10 o’clock last night?---Yes.I _____ TV at that time.A.watched B.was watching C.was watched D.am watching()3.Parick said he _____ his grandpa next Saturday.A.will visit B.were going to visit C.would visit D.is going to visit()4.When the ambulance came, he _____ for three minutes.A.died B.has died C.had died D.had been dead()5.Bill _____ to work in his hometown after he graduated from Beijng.A.goes B.went C.will go D.had gone()6.---Did he tell you when he ____-to school?---No, he didn’t.A.returned B.will return C.would return D.has returned()7.While he _____ his homework, his mother came back.A.was doing B.is doing C.did D.would do()8.---Has he returne the money to you yet?---Not yet.But he said he _____ it soon.A.returned B.has returned C.will return D.would return()9.---When ___ you ____this white car?---Three weeks ago.A.did, buy B.do, buy C.have, bought D.will, buy()10.I really wanted to know how many tree you _____.A.have planted B.had planted C.will plant D.will planted

参考答案

1-5 BBCDB 6-10 CADAB

一般现在时态

【展示平台】一般现在时态用来表示经常,反复,习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频率的副词sometimes(有时), often(经常), usually(通常), always(总是)等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening(在上午/下午/晚上), every day/ week/ month/ year(每天/周/月/年, at noon/night(在中午/夜里), on Monday/Tuesday(在星期一/二)等也可用在一般现在时态中。如:

Bruce usually walks to school.布鲁斯通常步行去上学。We have two P.E claes every week.我们每周上两节体育课。2 表示现在的特征或状态。如:

She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。He is 13 years old.他13岁了。表示事实或客观真理,或在谚语中,也用一般现在时。如:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.太阳每天东升西落。When there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。4 一般现在时的基本句型

1)肯定句:① 主语+动词原形+其他 ②主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词-s+ 其他 如:They live in China.他们住在中国。He likes eating apples.他喜欢吃苹果。2)否定句:① 主语+don’t+ 动词原形+其他

② 主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+ 动词原形+其他

如:They don’t live in China.他们不住在中国。He doesn’t like eating apples.他不喜欢吃苹果。3)一般疑问句:① Do+主语+动词原形+其他? ② Does+主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词原形+其他? 如:Do they live in China? 他们住在中国吗? Does he like eating apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗? 【相关链接】

当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下:

1)一般在动词后直接加s。如:talk –talks, live –lives。

2)以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如: watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变成i再加es。如: carry – carries, fly –flies。4)特殊的,如:have的第三人称单数为has。【牵手中考】

1.Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays A.help B.helping C.helps D.helped(桂林)【解析】 根据题中的时间状语often和on Sundays 可判断该句应用一般现在时态。主语Bob是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词也应为单数加s,故选C。2.—What did the teacher say just now? —He said that the earth ________ round the sun.(福州)A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 【解析】根据句意,老师刚才说的内容是“地球围绕着太阳转”。这是一个客观的真理,所以应该用一般现在时,故选B。

现在进行时态【展示平台】现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now, at the moment连用。如:

They are singing at the moment.他们正在唱歌。Li Ming is making a report now.李明现在正在做报告表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达,此时常和时间状语these days 连用。如: We are mending the car these days.这些日子我们一直在修车。某些瞬间动词如come, leave, arrive, die 等用现在进行时表示将来,即这个动作将要发生。

如:She says she is coming soon.她说她马上就来。The match girl is dying.那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。4 现在进行时态的基本句型

1)肯定句:主语+am/ is/ are + V-ing + 其他。如: Nancy is reading a book now.南茜正在读书。

The twins are playing in their bedroom.那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩。2)否定句:主语+am/ is/ are + not + 其他。如:

Nancy isn’t reading a book now.南茜没有正在读书。

The twins aren’t playing in their bedroom.那对双胞胎没有正在卧室里玩 3)一般疑问句:Am/ Is/ Are+ 主语+ V-ing + 其他?如: Is Nancy reading a book now? 南茜正在读书吗? Are the twins playing in their bedroom? 那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩吗? 【相关链接】现在分词(即V-ing形式)的构成1)一般在动词的后面直接加-ing。如:listen – listening, look – looking.2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e加ing.如:take –taking , make –making.3)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit –sitting, stop –stopping.4)特殊的如:lie – lying, die – dying 等。2 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别

1)一般现在时用以说明客观事实或情况,或用于强调动作的永久性或经常性;而现在进行时强调动作正在进行,而且这个动作常含有未完成之意。如:

We usually have four claes in the morning.我上午通常上四节课。

—Why can’t Lily go with me? 丽丽为什么不能和我们一起去呢?

—Because she is doing her homework now.因为她正在做作业。

2)always用于一般现在时用于说明事实,一般不带有感情色彩;而现在进行时与always(即be always doing sth.)连用,常表示说话人的某种感情,如:赞扬,批评,厌烦等。如:

He always works late.他总是工作到很晚。(表示事实)He is always working late.他总是工作到很晚。(表示赞扬)He is always talking big.他老爱说大话。(表示厌烦)【牵手中考】

1.Look!The boys ________ happily in the river.A.swim B.swam C.will swim D.are swimming(益阳)【解析】 由句中look可知,该句翻译成“那些男孩正在河中快乐地游泳”,所以用现在进行时,故选D。

2.---Can your brother make a model airplane?---Yes, this week he _______ a new model.A.builds B.is built C.had built D.is building(广州市)【解析】 根据句意“他这一周一直在做一个新的飞机模型”,表这段时间一直进行的动作也用现在进行时,故选D。

3.—Shall we invite Tom to play football now? —Oh, no.He ________ his clothes.A.is washing B.washes C.has washed(广东省课改实验区)【解析】 根据对话的内容“我们不能邀请汤姆去踢球时因为他正在洗衣服。”应该用现在进行时,故选A。

秀场四 阅读理解

请认真阅读王莉写给海伦的一封信,用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。

July 22nd, 2010 Dear Helen, How ______(be)you these days? I’m busy working nowadays(最近).I often _______(have)a lot of homework to do every day.Every morning, I ________(get)up very early.But this morning, I ______(be)late for school.My teacher _______(be)very angry, so she ________(make)me copy the text(抄课文).Bad luck(倒霉)!By the way, what _______(be)you ________(do)now? Oh, I must stop.You know I ________(copy)the text soon.Bye for now!Yours, Wang Li

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