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南京大学英语专业毕业论文范文
Prye----Resurrection
ATHESIS
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June2006 Contents
ChapterOne:Bio-
graphyofNathanielHawthorne„„„„„„„„„„„„„...P1
ChapterTwDepravity---theOriginoftheScarletLetter„„„„„„„„„„..P2
ChapterThree:HesterPrye’sResurrection---FromSufferingandRedemptiontoSalvation
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„...P5
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Conclusion„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„.P10
References„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„..P11
HesterPrye---Resurrection
Atract:TheScarletLettermakestheAmericanwriterNathanielHawthorneknownallaround
theworld.HawthorneisapiousChristian,andisdeeplyinfluencedbythetheology.He’s
somuchindulgedinthereligiousdoctrinethatpeoplecanfindthereflectionoftheGod
almosteverywhereinhisworks.AfterreadingTheScarletLetter,oneismostlyimpreedby
theiritofTheBiblethestorydepicted.Thebookchieflydiscueinandhowtoatone
forit.HesterPryeistheheroineofthefiction.Thiaperresearchesherfateto
illustratetheinfluenceofTheBibletoHawthorne.HesterPryecommitsadulteryandis
forcedtowearascarletletter“A”onherbreast.Atthebegiing,sheencountersall
kindsofsufferings,bothfromthesocietyandfromherowoul.However,sherealizesher
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sinandtriesherbesttoatoneforit.Andshedosenotchoosetoavoidherfault.Finally，throughherendeavor,Godforgivesher.Ihort,sinandatoningforsin,thatisthe
purposeofthiaper.Keywords:TheScarletLetter.,HesterPrye,TheBible,sinandatonement.摘要：《红字》使美国作家纳撒尼尔霍桑誉满全球。霍桑是一个虔诚的基督徒，并深受神学的影响。他是
如此沉迷于宗教的教义之中，人们几乎可以发现神在他的每部作品中无处不在。读完《红字》，给人印象
最深的莫过于故事描绘的《圣经》的精神。该书主要讨论了关于罪与赎罪的问题。海丝特白兰是小说的女
主人公。本文主要研究她的一生以说明《圣经》对霍桑的影响。海丝特白兰犯了通奸罪，并被迫在胸口上
带一个大写的红色字母“A”。一开始，她遭遇了各种各样的磨难，既有来自社会的也有来自她自己精神
上的。然而，她认识到了自己的罪行并尽最大努力去赎罪，并且她并没有选择逃避责罚。最后，通过她的努力，神原谅了她。简言之，本文的主要目的就是罪行以及赎罪。
关键字：《红字》，海丝特白兰，《圣经》,罪行以及赎罪。
ChapterOne:BiographyofNathanielHawthorne
WiththepublicationofTheScarletLetterin1850,NathanielHawthornebecameoneofthe
greatestwriteratthattimeandbuilthisreputationasamajorAmericanauthor.Sincethat
timeon,peoplebegantotakegreatinterestinallaectsofhislifeandagreatmany
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biographicalandcriticalstudieshadbeenwrittenabouthimandhisworks.Heisalso
becomingmoreandmorepopularandfamiliarwithChinesereaders.SincetheChinese
tralationofThescarletaearedin1950s,scholarsandreadersinthiscountryhave shownanever-increasinginterestinhisworks.Hawt-
hornewaornonthefourthofJuly,1804ialem,Maachusetts.Someofhis
ancestorswerebigshotsieventeenth-centuryNewEngland,whichwasunderthecontrolof
Puritanism.Oneofthemwasacolonialmagistrate,notoriousforhiarticipationinthe
persecutionofQuakers,andanotherwasajudgeattheSalemWitchcraftTrailin1692.Gradually,thefamilyfortunedeclined.Hawthorne’sfatherwasaseacaptain,whodiedin
anaccidentandlefthismotherandhimbehindtostruggletoliveforthemselves.Young
Hawthornewasquiteawareofthemisdeedsofhiuritanancestors,andthisawarenemade
himbelievethatevilwasatthecoreofhumanlife.Tosomeextent,Hawthornewrotesomeof
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hiooks,suchasTheScarletLetterandTheHouseoftheSevenGamblestotrytomakeup
forthesinofhisancestors.Hawthorne’swritingskillscaeconcludedasfollows:
Firstly,allhislife,Hawthorneseemstobeindulgedinhieeofsinandevilinlife.Readinghiooks,onecaotbutbeoverwhelmedbytheblackvisionwhichthesebooks
reveal.Evilexistsinthehumanheartallthetime.Foritance,intheshortstory,“
Earth’sHolocaust,”wecanfindthat,thoughallsymbolsoftraditionandthepasthave
beeurnedinthebonfireofthelifeoftheNewWorld,thesourceofevil---thehuman
heart,remaiintact.Everyonepoeeomeevilsecretastaleslike“YoungGoodman
Brown”setouttoprove.Everyonetriestocoverupitsiermostevilinthewaythe
ministerDimmesdaleinTheScarletLettertriestopretendhowpureandpiousheis.Evil
seemstobeman’irthmark.ThiointofviewisjustaswhatTheBibledescribeeople
’soriginalsin.Secondly,toHawthorne,sinwillsurelygetpunished,onewayoranother.Asamatterof
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fact,hewaaidtobealwaystroubledbythethoughtthatthedeclineofhisfamily’s
fortunehadsomethingtodowiththesiofhiuritanancestors.Hawthornedeeply
believesthat“thewrong-doingofonegenerationlivesintothesucceiveones”(TheHouse
oftheSevenGambles).ItisalsointerestingtonotethatHawthornebelievesthatevil
educates.WhatHawthorneseemstoproveisthatmancangetexperiencefromthecrimewhich
bringsaboutthedisaster.Ihort,totellthetruthandyetnottooffend,thatisallHawthornetriestoachievein
hisworks.“
ChapterTwDepravity---theOriginoftheScarletLetter
Thestorybegiieventeenth-centuryBoston,whichisunderPuritancommand.Ayoung
woman,namedHesterPrye,ientaheadtoAmericabyherhuand---anoldandugly
scholar.However,formanyyears,hedoe’tarrive.Obviously,itioiblethathehas
beenlostinthesea.Whilewaitingforherhuand,Hesterandayounglocalminister
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calledArthurDimmesdalefallinlovewitheachother.Theycommitadulterysecretly.BecauseofHester’regnancy,thesecretisfinallydiscovered.AccordingtoTheBible,everyoneiinful.Thatistheopinionoftheoriginalsin:when
Godcreatestheworld,HefirstcreatesamancalledAdamandthenawomancalledEve.They
livehailyintheGardenofEden.Godtellsthemthattheycaneateverykindoffruitin
thegardenexceptthoseonthetreeofknowledgeofgoodandevil.Itigatedbythe
serpent,thetwocaotcontroltheircuriosityandviolatesGod’sorderandeatthe
fruitsfromthatparticulartree.ThatenragesGod.Fromthattimeon,theybecomesinful
andareexpelledfromtheGardenofEden.However,sindoe’tstop.Itiaedfrom
generationtogeneratioyreproductionofAdamandEve.Allsucceivegeneratioare
theirdescendantsandthereforeinherittheirsin.Soatthetimeoneiorn,he/shebears
evilandhastherootofcommittingcrime.Accordingtotheprincipleoftheoriginalsin,HesterPryeiotanexception.Sheis
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alsotheoffringofAdamandEve.Theiideofherflowstheirbloodsandsheofcourse
inheritstheiroriginalsin.Thuheisasierfromthebegiingofherlife.Arethereanyotherstandardstojudgewhetherapersoniinful?Theaweriositive.Thecriteriohouldnotbethecommoncustom.Itead,itshouldbetheGod’tandard.Becauseaccordingtothecommoncustom,itisverydifficulttojudgesometimes.Everybody
isamixtureofvirtueandevilandtheemphasisofeveryone’elfishdesireisquite
different.Somecravenlyfeardeath,someclingtowoman’scharms,someseekonlyprofits
andsomehankerafterreputation.Somearefrankandhonestandotherlyandcuing.Thereforeitishardtodecidewhoisrightandwhoiswrong.Furthermore,thecommoncustom
isrelativeandchanging.Forexample,twentyyearsago,tocommitadulterywasenoughto
ruinaperson’sfame.However,intoday’ociety,cohabitatioeforemarriageis
universal.Besides,althoughsomepeopledilayhighermoralstandardsthanothers,they
stillcan’tgetridofselfishneandavoidcommittingcrime.Ifweadoptsthecriterion
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ofthecommoncustom,althoughweknowthatwearenotiocent,wewillcomfortourselves
thatwemaybeworsethaomepeople,butstillbetterthanothers.ThuswecanonlyuseGod’scriteriatodecidewhetherornotapersoniinful.God’s
criteriaareTheTenCommandmentsandTheSevenDeadlySi.TheTenCommandments:
IamtheLORDyourGod,whobroughtyououtofEgypt,outofslavery.Youshallhaveno
othergodeforeme.Youshallnotmakeforyourselfanidolintheformofanythinginheavenaboveoronthe
earthbeneathorinthewaterelow.Youshallnotbowdowntothemorworshipthem;forI,theLORDyourGod,amajealousGod，punishingthechildrenforthesinofthefatherstothethirdandfourthgenerationof
thosewhohateme,butshowinglovetoathousandgeneratioofthosewholovemeandkeep
mycommandments.YoushallnotmisusethenameoftheLORDyourGod,fortheLORDwillnotholdanyone
guiltlewhomisuseshiame.RemembertheSaathdaybykeepingitholy.http://www.daodoc.com/quanxunwang/
Sixdaysyoushalllabouranddoallyourwork,buttheseventhdayisaSaathtotheLORD
yourGod.Onityoushallnotdoanywork,neitheryou,noryoursonordaughter,noryour
maervantormaidservant,noryouranimals,northealienwithinyourgates.ForiixdaystheLORDmadetheheaveandtheearth,thesea,andallthatisinthem，butherestedontheseventhday.ThereforetheLORDbleedtheSaathdayandmadeit
holy.Honouryourfatherandyourmother,sothatyoumaylivelonginthelandtheLORDyourGod
isgivingyou.Youshallnotmurder.Youshallnotcommitadultery.Youshallnotsteal.Youshallnotgivefalsetestimonyagaityourneighbour.Youshallnotcovetyourneighbour'shouse.Youshallnotcovetyourneighbour'swife,or
hismaervantormaidservant,hisoxordonkey,oranythingthatbelongstoyourneighbour.(Exodus2,14)
TheSevenDeadlySi:a)Pride)Lechery;c)Envy;d)Wrath;e)Sloth;f)Glutton
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Obviously,accordingtothesecriteria,HesterPryeisquitesinful.Sheiinfulbecause
shedisobeysGodbycommittingadultery.WhenChillingworth---HesterPrye’shuand
senthertotheNewWorld,althoughtherewaoloveatallbetweenthecouple,sheshouldn
’tforgetthatshehadalreadygotmarried.Shehadahuand,whowasjustmiingatthat
time.However,shecouldnotcontrolherviciousdesireandhadaloveaffairwiththe
minister---Dimmesdale.That’otforgivableaccordingtoCatholicism.That’siultto
God.That’etrayal!Iuchasituation,HesterPryeforgotGod’sitructionandwas
completelydegenerated.SheisablahemetoGod.Sofromtheverydayofhercrime,HesterPryehastobearallthesufferingsthatfollow.Everysinmustbepunished.Allourbehaviorsanddeedscan’tpaawayeasily.Ourwrong-
doingsarehatefulinthattheynotonlydepraveourselves,butalsooffeeothersand
eeciallyGod.Hester’ehaviorisdisgracefulandsheislookeddownupoyothers.http://www.daodoc.com/quanxunwang/
Furthermore,heradulteryaffrontsGod.Godisjustandfair.Godwillnotforgiveyour
faultcarAccordingtoTomWaltson,thenatureofsinisevil:
Firstly,sinfouleopleiniotonlyaflaw,butalsoacontamination.Sintosoulis
thesameasrusttogold.Itisjustlikeablemishonabeautifulthing.TheBiblecompares
sinwith“plague”(1King,8,38).SinfoulsGod’simageandstainthepureofsoul.It
makesGod“grewwearyof”thesiers(Zechariah,8,11);andwhen“youwillrememberyour
conductandalltheactioywhichyouhavedefiledyourselves,andyouwillloathe
yourselvesforalltheevilyouhavedone”(Ezekiel,20,43).ApostlePaulsaidin2
Corinthian,7,1that“everything„contaminateodyandirit”.Secondly,SinmakesGodworry.“donotgrievetheHolyiritofGod”(Ephesia,4,30).SinisdeliberatelyanafflictiontoGod.Goddoe’tlikesiecausesinmakesGodbe
iulted.SotoworryGodisabigcrime.Thirdly,siniscontrarytoGod.AsiertrendsonGod’rincipleandviolatesGod’s
decree.http://www.daodoc.com/quanxunwang/
Fourthly,siringsevil.SinisliketheTrojanhorse(TheGreekiegedTroyformany
yearswithoutresult.Oneday,theygotanidea.Theypretendedtoretreat,leavingahuge
woodenhorse,inwhichanumberofGreekheroeshadhiddenthemselves.TheTroja,whowere
toohaytoreflectonthesituation,broughtthehorseiidethecityasawartrophy.In
thefollowingnight,theGreekscameoutandattackedtheuuectingandcelebrating
Troja,andfinallyconqueredTroy),whichhasacommonoutlookandterriblethingsiide.Lastly,sierswhodon’trepentwilldieout.Unrepentantsiringsabout“thesecond
death”(Revelation20,14)
(《XiTongShenXue》
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