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名词解释
1.E-Commerce: EC is the proce of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, and information via computer networks, including the Internet.2.E-Busine: E-busine refers to a broader definition of EC, not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with busine partners, conducting e-learning, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization.E-busine is the use of the Internet and other information technologies to support commerce and improve busine performance.3.Authentication: Authentication means that a trusted authority can prove that you are who you say you are.4.Digital Certificates: A digital certificate is an electronic file that uniquely identifies individuals and Web sites on the Internet and enables secure, confidential communications.They serve as a sort of a digital paport or credential.5.Customer Relationship Management(CRM): CRM focuses on the provision and maintenance of quality services for customers, Effective CRM involves communicating with customers and delivering products, services, information and solutions in response to their problems, wants and needs.6.Supply Chain: Supply chain refers to the flow of materials, information, payments and services from raw materials suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers.A supply chain also includes the organizations and procees that create and deliver products, information, and services to the end customers.7.Supply Chain Management: The function of supply chain management(SCM)is to plan, organize, and coordinate all of the supply chain’s activities.Today, the concept of SCM refers to a total systems approach to managing the entire supply chain.SCM is usually supported by information technology.8.Encryption: Encryption is the proce of transforming information so it is unintelligible to anyone but the intended recipient.[forms the basis of data integrity and privacy neceary for e-commerce.] 9.Decryption: Decryption is the proce of transforming encrypted information so that it is intelligible again.10.Digital Signature: Instead of encrypting the data itself, the signing software creates a one-way hash of the data, then uses your private key to encrypt the hash.The encrypted hash, along with other information, such as the hashing algorithm, is known as a digital signature.11.Certificate Authority(CA): CAs are entities that validate identities and iue certificates.12.M-Busine: M-busine, or mobile busine, defined as e-busine enabled by wirele communications, is one of the newest frontiers in electronic communications.13.E-Busine Models 1)Storefront Model: The storefront model enables merchants to sell their products online by providing a combination of transaction proceing, security, online payment and information storage.It’s a basic form of e-commerce in which buyers and sellers interact directly.2)Auction Model: Auction sites act as forums through which Internet users can aume the role of either seller of bidder.3)Portal Model: Portal sites offer visitors the chance to find almost anything they are looking for in one place.a)Horizontal portals(search engines): portals that aggregate information on a broad range of topics.b)Vertical portals: portals that offer a great deal of information pertaining to a single area of interest.4)Bartering Model: The offering of one item in exchange for another.Unit 1 what is electronic commerce E-commerce framework : information infrastructure support services applications Five pillars: people;public policy;marketing and advertisement;support services;busine partnership
Claification of electronic commerce:
B2B;B2C;C2B;C2C;P2P;Mobile commerce;Intra-Busine EC;busine-to-employees;collaborative commerce;nonbusine EC;E-learning;exchange-to-exchange;E-Government
Unit 2 how E-Commerce works Commerce : the exchange of goods and services , usually for money.Roles : buyers;sellers;producers;Elements to conduct e-commerce :
A product;a place to sell the product(web sites);a way to accept orders--normally an on-line form of some sort.A way to accept money--normally a merchant account A fulfillment facility to ship products to customers A way to accept returns A way to handle warranty claims if neceary A way to provide customer service
The lure of E-Commerce: Lower transaction costs;larger purchases per transactions;integration into the busine cycle;people can shop in different ways;larger catalogs;improved customer interaction
Building an E-Commerce Site: suppliers(供应商)； your price point;customer relations;the back end : fulfillment , returns , customer service Unite 5 how to create an e-commerce web site Establish your online identity with the right web addre: Make it memorable;describe your busine;keep it short;Build a user-friendly site :plan your site;choose the right site-building tools(网页设计49);
Set up your web server--or select an ISP to host your site Minimize the risks of E-commerce: risk(spoofing, unauthorized disclosure 未授权的信息泄露，unauthorized action ,data alteration;解决方法：encryption ,authentication ,digital certificates)
Accept and manage all kind of payments : Test ,test test
:take time to review and test your site thoroughly before going live.Test its usability;good customer support;minimum response times;standard for replying to customer questions and concerns
Promote your site: register your site with search engines;put your domain name everywhere;advertise;purchase keywords;
NUNIT 6 E-Marketing Brand 品牌建设：name、logo、symbol（brand should be unique , recognizable and easy to remember.）
Marketing research ：focus groups;interviews;paper and telephone surveys;questionnaires and
secondary research ；the demographics of internet 网络人口统计 E-mail marketing ：opt-in e-mail Promotions :frequent-flyer miles ,point-based rewards;discounts, sweepstakes , free trials, free
shopping and e-coupons are all examples of promotions.Consumer tracking: Keeping user profiles, recording visits and analyzing promotional and
advertising results
Electronic advertising : It is conducted through such media as television, movies, newspaper and
magazines, as well as online and wirele channels.(banner advertisements;
pop-up ads;search engine “pay-for-performance” advertising;purchase
keywords)Search engines : A search engines is a program that scans Web sites for desired content, listing
relevant sites on the basis of keywords or other search-engine ranking criteria.Affiliate programs(联盟计划)： Affiliates post links on each other’s sites in exchange for referral
fees , which usually consist of a percentage of each sale or a
fixed fee for click-throughs that result in sales.Public relations : provides customer and employees with the latest information about products,services and such iues as company promotions and consumer
reactions.through pre release, speeches ,special events ,presentations and
e-mail.Crisis management :when a company is doing poorly,it will often iue
information regarding the causes and announce what steeps will be
implemented to remedy the problem.Customer relationship management :It involves communicating with customers and delivering
products, services ,information and solutions in response to their problems, wants
and needs.UNIT 7 E-Busine models
Storefront model :To conduct storefront e-commerce ,merchants must organize online product
catalogs , take orders through their web sites ,accept payments securely ,send
merchandise to customers and manage customer data.Shopping-cart technology : This technology allows customers to accumulate items they with to
buy as they brows an e-busine Web site.Auction model: Sellers can post items they wish to sell ,the minimum prices they require to sell
the item and deadlines to close the auction.Bidders may search the items they
are seeking ,view the current bidding activity and place bids.Reverse-auction model : :this model allows buyers to set prices that sellers compete to match,or
even beat.Portal model(门户模式)： Portal sites offer visitors the chance to find almost anything they are
looking for in one place.Horizontal portals: such as search engines.They aggregate information on
a board range of topics.Vertical portals : It offers a great deal of information pertaining to a single
area of interest.It empowers customers by allowing them to state the
Name-your-price model(客户定价模式)：price they are willing to pay for products or services.The online
busine paes each customer’s price request to an appropriate industry
partner, who decides whether to sell the product or service to the
customer at the state price.Comparison-pricing model: They allow customers to poll various merchants in search of the
lowest price for a desired product or service.Bartering model(实物交换)： the offering of one item in exchange for another.Unit 12 online payments Credit-card payment : a merchant must have a merchant account with a bank Digital cash and E-wallets : Digital cash is stored electronically and can be used to make online
electronic payments.Consumers deposit money into digital cash accounts for use in digital transactions.E-wallets keep track of billing and shipping information so that it can be entered with one-click at participating merchants’ sites.Micropayments :Micropayments enable ways for nominally priced products and services to be sold profitably over the web.（contact）和非Smart cards : it has many functions, from authentication to data storage.接触型接触型。Improved security : use PIN(personal identification number)to acce the information stored on the card;paword;encryption;photo identification
Unit 14 supply chain management E-Supply chain :when supply chain is managed electronically , usually with Web-based software, it is referred to as e-supply chain.The supply chain includes three flows: material flows;information flows;financial flows A typical supply chain links a company with its suppliers, its distributors;and its customers.Supply chain involves three segments: upstream;internal supply chain;downstream;Upstream : where sourcing or procurement(采购)from external suppliers occurs Internal supply chain: where transformation ,aembly ,and packaging take place;Downstream : where distribution to customers takes place, frequently by external distributors , or a disposal takes place.E-commerce can make the following contributions to supply chain management: Digital product such as software Replace all paper documents that move physically with electronic documents Provide an integrated meaging system Change the nature and structure of the supply chain from linear to a hub Enhance collaboration and information sharing among the partners in the supply chain Shorten the supply chain and minimize inventories Facilitate customer service Introduce efficiency
Global supply chains : supply chains that involve suppliers and customers or other busine partners that located in two or more countries are referred to as global supply chains.Unit 17 Public-key cryptography TCP/IP Transmiion Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Internet security iues : eavesdropping(偷听)、tampering(篡改)；impersonation(扮演
包括：spoofing and misrepresentation)
Public-key cryptography facilitates the following tasks: Encryption and decryption ；Tamper detection ；Authentication ；Non-repudiation不可抵赖性
Symmetric-key encryption 对称密钥加密
public-key encryption 公钥加密
Encryption strength(加密强度)is based on both the cipher(算法)used and the length of the key.Digital signature ： It is used to solve tamper detection and related authentication;the method is one-way hash
Unit 22 wirele technology and M-busine M-busine(mobile busine)LBS: location based service ； it can be used to improve wirele marketing, customer relationship management and busine-to-consumer and busine-to-employee applications.Wirele marketing ,advertising and promotion Wirele marketing can be claified as a pull strategy ,a push strategy or a combination of both.A pull strategy aumes that users will request that specific information be sent to their wirele devices in real time(实时).A push strategy is enacted when an organization delivers marketing meages to wirele devices at a time deemed appropriate by the company.Succeful implementation of wirele advertising requires that the content provider , advertiser and carrier establish a system that delivers ads to consumers at the right location and the right time.Promotions: distributing e-coupons to their wirele devices according to their locations.CRM: customers can receive timely and relevant information on demand ,and companies can interact more efficiently with their sales and field forces.Key terms Leon 01 busine proce 商务过程 public policy 公共政策 support services 支持服务 busine partnership 商务伙伴关系 busine-to-busine(B2B)企业对企业 consumer-to-consutmer(C2C)消费者对消费者的电子商务
peer-to-peer application 对等应用程序 mobile commerce 移动商务 intra-busine EC 企业内部电子商务
busine-to-employees(B2E)企业对员工 collaborative commerce 合作商务 e-learning 电子学习
exchange-to-exchange(E2E)交易所对交易所的电子商务
e-government 电子政务
Consumer segmentation 消费者细分 Leon 02
Marketing 市场营销 customer service 客户服务 transaction cost 交易成本 purchase per transaction 单次交易的购买量 busine cycle 商业周期 customer interaction 客户互动 enterprise computing 企业计算 virtual hosting service 虚拟宿主服务 simplified e-commerce 简化的电子商务 Mail order 邮购
Mail order purchase order 邮购订单 Warranty claims 产品保证条款 Knowledge base 知识库 Market share 市场占有率 Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度 Affiliate program 联盟机制 Forum 论坛 Special discount 特价
Repeat buyer program 重复购买机制 Retailers 零售商 Wholesaler 批发商 Distributor 分销商
Mail order catalog 邮购目录 Mail order purchase order 邮购订单 Warranty claims 产品保证条款 Knowledge base 知识库 Market share 市场占有率 Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度 Affiliate program 联盟机制 Leon 05 internet identity 网络身份认证
E-commerce storefront 电子商务在线商店 Site map 网站地图
Web hosting company 网页寄存公司 Internet payment gateway 因特网支付网关 Store front 店面 Domain name 域名
Established busine 线下业务
Internet service provider(ISP)网络服务提供商
Brick-and-mortar stores 传统商店 Product specifications 产品详情 Testimonial 证明书 Site map 站点地图
Web design studio 网页设计工作室 Small-and medium-sized businees 中小型企业
Product specification 产品详情
FAQ(frequency asked questions)常见问题 Rule of thumb 经验法则 Financial institution 金融机构
Online payment proceing 在线支付处理
Leon 06 brand 品牌 Branding 品牌建设 marketing research 市场研究 e-mail marketing 电子邮件营销 opt-in e-mail 许可电子邮件 Spamming 垃圾邮件 customer tracking 顾客跟踪 electronic advertisement 电子广告 banner advertisement 横幅广告 pop-up advertisement 弹出式广告 search engine 搜索引擎 pay-for-performance 按效果付费 pay-for-performance 网络会员制营销
click-through 点入率 public relations 公共关系 crisis management 危机管理
customer relationship management(CRM)顾客关系管理
electronic customer relationship management(eCRM)电子顾客关系管理 Marketing mix 行销组合 Monetary value 货币价值 Purchasing preferences 购买偏好 Buying power 购买力 Point-based reward 积分奖励 Free trials 免费试用 E-coupons 电子优惠券 Referral fee 引荐费
Personalized direct e-mail 个性化直邮 Log-file analysis 日志文件分析 Anonymous account 匿名账户 Leon 07 Electronic funds transfer(EFT)电子资金转账
Electronic date interchange(EDI)电子数据交换
storefront model 店面模式
shopping cart technology 购物车技术 auction model 拍卖模式 portal model 门户模式
name-your-price model 用户定价模式 comparison-pricing model 对比定价模式 bartering model 实物交易模式 Merchant server 商户服务器 Designated increment 指定的增量 Intelligent agents 智能代理 Online product catalog
Shipping information Personalized service 个性化服务 Data mining 数据挖掘 Personal-identification Bidding proce
Leon 12 credit-card payment信用卡支付 digital cash 数字现金 e-wallet 电子钱包 micropayment 位置不 smart card 智能卡
personal identification number(PIN)个人识
别密码
acquiring 收单银行 authorization 授权，认可 credit card aociation 信用卡联盟 iuing bank 发卡银行
internet merchant account 互联网商家账户 payment proceing service 支付处理服务 proceor 处理器 settlement 资金结
Electronic funds transfer 电子资金转账 Toll booth 收费所
Recurring billing payments 分期付款 Settlement 资金结算
Electronic founds transfer 电子资金转账 Point of sale(POS)销售点
Card-not-present transaction 无卡交易 Contactle card 非接触型卡 Contact interface 接触型接口
Electronic bookkeeping procedure 电子记账程序
Dial-up connection 拨号连接 Fraudulent transaction 欺诈性交易 Leon 14
supply chain management 供应链管理 e-supply chain 电子供应链 materials flow 物流 information flow 信息流 financial flow 资金量 upstream activity 上游活动
internal supply chain activity 供应链内部活动
downstream activity 下游活动
enterprise resource planning(ERP)企业资源规划
global supply chain 全球供应链 Inventory control 库存管理 Build-to-order 按订单制造 Materials handling 物料处理 Digitization of software 数字化软件 Physical flow 实物流
Product life cycle 产品生命周期 Procurement via consortia 联盟采购
Corporate intranet 企业内部网 Leon 17 symmetric-key encryption 对称密钥加密（私钥加密）
public-key encryption 公钥加密（非对称密钥加密）
length of the key 密钥长度
one-way hash(meage digest)单向哈希值（信息摘要）
digital signature 数字签名 One-way hash 单向哈希法 Leon 19 secure electronic transaction(SET)安全电子贸易
cardholder 信用卡持有人 merchant 商家 iuer 发卡金融机构 acquirer 收单金融机构 payment gateway 支付网关
purchase-related information 购买相关信息 order-related information 订货相关信息 Leon 20
privacy 个人隐私
intellectual property right 知识产权 copyright 著作权，版权 trademark 商标 patent 专利 defamation 诽谤 Leon 22
personal digital aistant(PDA)个人数字助理
mobile busine(m-busine)移动商务 location-identification technology 位置识别 技术
location-based service 基于位置的服务 wirele marketing 无限营销 pull strategy 拉策略 push strategy 推策略 opt-in/out 选择加入/退出
wirele advertising industry 无线广告业 short meage service(SMS)短信息服务 customer relationship management(CRM)客户关系管理
mobile payment(m-payment)移动支付 mobile wallet(m-wallet)移动钱包 double opt-in policy 双重选择加入政策 Content provider 内容提供商 Short meage service 短信服务
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