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2016年高考英语短文改错解题技巧
一、短文改错常见考点设置：
1.考点设置之名词
命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;
(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.详解：
1）.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me succe.2）.After cla we become stranger at once.3）.They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject.4）.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.5）.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.6）.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.7）.I looked at his other hands.2.考点设置之代词
命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。
代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误
2.缺少人称代词的错误
3.人称代词数的一致问题
4.人称代词格的一致问题 详解：
1）The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.2）I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.3）It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very excited.4）Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to expre me in simple English.5）One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.1 6）Some students may also save up for our college or future use.7）I took it in me and we walked.3.考点设置之介词
命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk， serve, wait等。介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。详解：
1）We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.2）I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.3）The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.4）We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.5）I am writing to thank you with your kind help.6）He was looking for a gla the cupboard.7）Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.4.考点设置之时态
命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解：
1）They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that---2）The time paes quickly.Evening came.3）She liked it very much and reads it to the cla.4）I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in cla.5）I will write again and send you the photos we take together.6）We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.5.andbutor误用及前后不一致
命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。改正方法；1）根据句意确定误； 2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解：
1)She is smiling at me but nodding at me.2）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.3）The food was expensive and the service was good.4）I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.5）We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.6）She liked it very much and reads it to the cla.6.考点设置之从句连词
命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。详解：
1）It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.2）I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me.3）The main problem was in that I always thought inChinese and tried to translate everything into English.4）What things are in other homes, I wonder.5）Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.6）They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.7.考点设置之冠词
命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。详解：
1）As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.2）We may be one family and live under a same roof, but---3）On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.4）I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home 8.考点设置之形容词和副词
命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解：
1）I would describe myself as shy and quietly.2）There have been reports in America about people tryingto steal person information for bad purposes.3）Finding information on the Net is easily.4）So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.5）My pronunciation was terribly.6）They came back lately and had some tea.9.考点设置之非谓语动词
命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解：
1）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.2）My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.3）Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to expre myself in simple English.4）We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.5）Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.二、短文改错口诀
动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾.详解：
（一）动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：
1）一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2）第三人称单数形式错用。
2）and 前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性）4）主谓不一致。5）缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）6）主动语态与被动语态错用
7）Used to 的运用错误
（二）名词数：指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：
１）根据名词前的修饰限定成份．２）根据上下文的逻辑关系．
（三）还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。
（四）非谓语，细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1）不定式2）动名词作主语、宾语3）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。
（五）习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。
（六）句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。
（七）逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。
（八）冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。
三.短文改错小结 做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。六个步骤：
（1）通读短文，整体把握短文大意。
（2）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。
（4）逐行修改，先易后难。（5）复读全文，验证答案。
（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。四不改: ①标点符号不改。②大小写不改。③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。
④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错.(一)Friendship is importance.Everyone needs friendship.In all our lives we can’t live without
friendship just like we can’t live without air and water.Friendship makes us getting on well
with one another to go ahead under different kinds of difficulties in front of us.But real
friendship is easy to come by, true friendship must be sincerely and be based on understand
each other but not on benefits of each other.A good friend can always be a good teacher to us.By his advice we are persuading to go the right way.Therefore more friends we have, the
better we can improve ourself.(二)Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play.All over the world men and
woman, boys and girls enjoy sports.Since many years ago, many adults and children called
their friends together to spend hours, even days play games.One of reasons why people like to
play is that sports help them to live happily.In other words, they help to keep people strong and
health.If people are playing games, they move a lot of.That is why sports are good activities
for their health.Having fun with their friends make them happy.Many people enjoy sports by
watch others play.(三)I feel quite sure the chemistry test that we’re going to have tomorrow.The teacher has already told us exact
what to study and I think my grades on homework has been good．In a fact, I think chemistry has always been one
of the subjects that I enjoy it most.Susan and I had already spent two hours review pages 115-140 tonight.We are
going to devote another hour to practise with some of the sample(实例)problem.Then I will ready for the test.(四)It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007． I was walking along Park Road towards the east while an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the
street． Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and made a right turn into Park Road． The next moment the car hit the man while she was croing the road． He fell with a cry． The car didn’t stop and drive off at full speed heading west． I noticed the driver was young woman wore a pair of glaes and the plate number was AC864． After two minutes later, I stopped a paed car and took the old man to the nearest hospital．(五)I often quarrel about my mother over whether I can watch TV after school.She holds view that senior three students have to make fully use of every minute to work hard at their leons.It seems to me that once I am allowed to do that, I’ll unable to control myself and forget all about my study.She also thinks it is bad for my eye.But I really can’t accept her ideas.In my opinion, watch TV can set my mind at rest after a day’s hard works.Besides, it is important for us to know what had happened at home and at abroad.Thus, we shouldn’t be forbidden to watch TV.(六)Dear Mr.Johnson, I’ve learned from a newspaper that some clerks are wanting in your company.I am eager to being one of them.So I am writing the letter.My name is zhang Hua.I was born in the Hebei Province and I am in good health.I’ve just graduated in the Computer Department of Wuhan University.I did very good in all subjects and I am especial good at computer studies and English.I can read science books in English and doing some writing in English as well.Beside, I know a little French.And in my spare time ,I enjoy playing basketball.As is said that your company is very famous and I’ll very glad if you let me work for it.My telephone number is 027-89276628．I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.(七)Dear Robert, Thank for your letter of May 12th.How glad I was when I get it.I’d be very happy to be your pen friends.Now allow me introduce myself to you.I’m a boy student aged seventeen, study in Senior Three of Hongqi High School.I’m a monitor of my cla.I am about to take the National Matriculation Entrance Test after twenty days, that is, between June 7 and 8．You know, I want very much to be a doctor working for poor peasants that I try to make fully use of every hour and study far into the night every day.Best wishes！
(八)One day Rosa wrote to her friend, who was a doctor, invite him to have dinner with her families.A few days later the doctor wrote back to her but she couldn’t read his writing because the letters were written carele.Then she asked her husband for the help, but he couldn’t read it, too.Then her husband got an idea.He told her that a chemist might be able read the doctor’s letter.So the woman went to chemist’s.The chemist in the shop studied the letter for a long time but he gave her a large bottle of medicine.He told the woman she would eat twelve pills a day.Finally Rosa still had no idea whether her friend will come or not.(九)Have you ever heard the saying: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy? What this means is if you study all the times you will become a boring person．You must go out and have a fun with your friends, otherwise you’ll lose them．No one wants to be friends with anyone who only talks work and study．Perhaps you have a confidence problem．Please try remember what the work you do is for yourself but no one else．You don’t have to compete for your clamates．No one could be happier in studying seven days and seven nights.(十)Our cla held a discuion about that whether music should be played during the break or
not.The opinions are divided.Most of students think that music should be played.As we know，music can produce a lively and happy atmosphere.However, after hard study music can bring
us relaxation, which reduce the tiredne.This can help us make full preparations for the next
cla.Listen to music also makes us feel happy.On the other hand, some students didn’t think
so.In their opinion, they can’t get the expecting effect from playing music, for the cla break
time is too short.What is needed most during the cla break is peace instead noise produced
by music.In my opinion, it is good to play some soft and peace music during the cla break.In
this way students can enjoy music as good as have a good rest.(十一)One day some people on the shore heard the cry for help.They ran up to the sea.A soldier
jumped into the water and swim to the man who was calling for helps.The young soldier was a
good swimmer and soon pulled the man back the shore.He took the man in the arms and
carried him out water.All the people there admired to the young man.Now everyone saw what
the man was a very wealth man in the city.Then he went up the soldier and gave the soldier
one pound for save his life.(十二)Jim arrived at home and discovered that he has forgotten his door key.He rang the bell, but nobody came to open the door.He rang again and waiting, but still there was not reply.He walked round the house to see if he could find a open window, but they were all locked.It was beginning to rain, he did not know how to do.Kate, his wife, had obvious gone out.He didn’t know where she had been or when she’d return.Finally, he picked up a stone and threw them at the kitchen window.Just then, his wife came back.9(十三)I was recent told that listening to loud music is gradually making people hard of hearing.I’m sure it has already been happened to my neighbor.For years she has turned a deaf ear to my requests to turn his radio down.When she gave a party she isn’t have to invite the rest of the street.Everyone can dance in her music in his own room.Now a scientist has discovered a certain electronic sounds have strange effects on rats.He declares they break down almost paralyze(瘫)with their legs trembled.Then it is simply a matter of throwing them out by their tail.I wonder that the same thing will happen to my neighbor someday.(十四)A few days ago I saw a interesting program on TV.There was about the problem of traffic.It seems that a great deal damage is done by traffic.All our cities are suffered from this.Some buildings are falling to piece.It’s often faster to walk than to go by car and by bus.The problem has been getting bad for a long time.This was only one among thousands of other problems in our cities.All of sorts of bad things are happening to our cities.Our roads are never designed for so heavy traffic.It takes longer and longer to move from one place to another.(十五)In the past my hometown was the most beautiful place.Thick trees and green gra could be seen anywhere.In order to build more house and grow more crops, people cut down much more trees.As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed.Gradually, the green hills
turn wasteland.As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we were suffered lot.But I do wish all the people could realize the terribly disaster caused from man.What’s more, we should take good care of our nature and punish those who against the law.短文改错参考答案:
2014.10.30(一)1.important 或
importance前加of
2.like--as
3.getting----get
4.kind---kinds
5.easy前加not 6.sincere
7.understanding
8.persuaded
9.more前加the
10.ourselves(二)1.and---but
2.woman---women
3.called前加have 4.play---playing
5.of 后加the
6.health---healthy
7.If---When
8.of划掉
9.make---makes
10.watch---watching(三)1．sure---sure about
2． exact---exactly
3． has---have;
4．a 去掉
5．去掉it
6．had---have
7．review---reviewing． 8.practice---practicing
9．problem---problems
10.will 后加 be(四)1.in---on
2.while---when
3.sides---side
4.made---make 5.she---he
6.drive---drove
7.young前加a
8.wore---wearing 9.later 去掉
10.paed---paing(五)1.about---with
2.view前加the
3.fully---full
4.me---her 5.I’ll后加be
6.eye---eyes
7.watch---watching
8.works---work 9.had---has
10.and后at划掉
(六)1.wanting---wan ted 2.being---be 3.Hebei前the划掉 4.the前in---from 5.good---well
6.special---specially
7.doing---do
8.Beside---Besides 9.As---at
10.I’ll后加be(七)1.Thank---Thanks;或 for 前加you 2.get---got 3.friends---friend 4.me后加to 5.study---studying 6.a划掉 7.about划掉
8.after---in 9.very---so 10.fully---full(八)1.invite---inviting
2.families---family
3.carele---carelely
4.the help---help 5.too---either
6.able---able to
7.chemist’s---a chemist’s 8.but---and
9.eat---take
10.will---would(九)1．heard---heard of
2．is---that
3．Times---time 4．a 去掉
5.anyone---someone
6.Talk---Talk about
7.try---try to 8．What---that
9．For---with/against
10．Happier---happy(十)1.that划掉
2.students---the students
3.However---Besides 4.reduce---reduces
5.Listen---Listening
6.didn’t---don’t 7.expecting---expected
8.instead---instead of
9.peace---peaceful
10.good---well(十一)1.the cry---a cry 2.swim---swam
3.helps---help 4.back---to 5.out---out of
6.admired to---admired
7.what---that 8.wealth---wealthy
9.up---up to
10.save---saving(十二)1.at home---home
2.has---had
3.waiting---waited 4.not---no 或 not---not any
5.find a---find an 6.he---and he 7.how---what
8.obvious---obviously
9.been---gone 10.them---it(十三)1.recent---recently
2.been 划掉
3.his---her
4.gave---gives 5.isn’t---doesn’t
6.in her---to her
7.a certain---certain 8.trembled---trembling
9.tail---tails
10.that---if(十四)1.a---an
2.There---It
3.deal---deal of 4.suffered---suffering
5.piece---pieces
6.and---or 7.bad---worse
8.was---is
9.All of---All
10.so---such(十五)1.the---a
2.anywhere---everywhere
3.house---houses
4.much---many
5.turn---turned
6.we were---we
7.And---So
8.terribly---terrible
9.from man---by man
10.who---who are 12
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