考研英语二真题解析阅读难度增加（合集6篇）由网友“大头佳音”投稿提供，以下是小编为大家整理后的考研英语二真题解析阅读难度增加，欢迎阅读与收藏。
篇1：考研英语真题解析作文难度稳定
考研英语真题解析作文难度稳定
考研英语真题解析：作文。2014的考研英语科目已落下了帷幕，在这里，为广大考生分析并且解读刚刚结束的考研英语真题，主要对英语一写作部分的整体难度进行了精准的分析和详细的点评，并且以此对的考研学子们提出了宝贵的考研英语备考指导建议。
总体而言，20的写作话题贴近生活，难度相对稳定。纵观历年真题，考研英语写作的话题往往紧贴于生活，尤其是当下年轻人群体，即大学生的'生活和思想动态等方面。而2014年写作大作文部分，也和时下年轻人的生活紧密相关，是关于亲子关系的话题。每年的大作文，基本上就是图画，可能是一幅图，也可能是成并列关系或是对比关系的两幅图，要求大家描述一下这一幅或是两幅图，并且指出这幅图的内涵，说出其中的意义和影响，有时会具体化让大家举一个具体的例子，今天也不例外，选择的是下半年大家共同关注的问题，自从9月湖南卫视的大型亲子综艺节目“爸爸去哪儿”收视一路飘红后，一时街头巷尾都弥漫着有关“亲子”这样一个我们无法忽视的家庭关系问题。所以对于广大考生，一定是有话可说的，就这个题目的难度来说，应该是保持一个相对稳定的状态。而且如果我们注意往年真题的题材类型的话，我们会发现家庭关系的题材已经出现过两次了。一次是“温室花朵怎经风雨”，一次是“养老足球赛”，而2014年再次回归和家庭关系有关的话题。所以，对于备战20考研的学子们，历年真题的复习是至关重要的。如果我们对20和20的作文范文进行背诵的话，在今天的考场上，我们一定会游刃有余。比如说，年提倡的孝道“filial piety”；比如说年父母在我们人生方面的指导作用。这些都可以做为2014年作文素材来用。
自从20考研大纲明确规定小作文不再考察备忘录的形式后，和2014年的小作文毫无争议地考查了最常考的书信题材，2014再次考察了建议信。自从2005年出现小作文后，建议信的题材在英语一的历年考试当中已经出现三次，分别是，和，其中07和是完完全全的建议信考察，而20是道歉和建议信的交叉考察。英语二也在短短的思念考试中考察过一次，也是祝贺信和建议信相交叉的方式考察。可见建议信是广大考生一定要掌握的书信作文类型。
最后，从整个的这几年的趋势来看，作文考试的趋势是没有发生任何的变化，考的话题也好，出题的形式也好，都已经形成了一种非常稳定的模式。
篇2：考研英语二翻译真题及解析
2014年考研英语二真题翻译题型分析
分析：众所周知，英语二与英语一在翻译题上是有不小的差距的，首先从题型上就与英语一不同，英语二翻译部分是两段话的翻译，具有连贯性，这样可明显降低翻译难度，而英语一是五句话的翻译，这无疑需要考生联系上下文才能准确翻译出句中的代词、新词等。
2014年考研英语二翻译与往年选材新的特点不同，今年的翻译题选自09年三月份的时代杂志，但依旧保持往年的难度，内容贴近生活，易于理解。文章中并没有特别难理解的句子出现，有一些常见的从句和复合句，考生只要平时在做《考研真相》和《考研圣经》的过程中，多注意书中长难句分析部分，这部分摘录出真题中长句、难句进行框架分析，考生可以很直观的理解并学习其中分析句子的能力和翻译要领，长此以往，英语二的翻译题部分就基本可以拿到不错的成绩。
2014考研英语二真题完型填空文章出处
原文出处：时代杂志
原文标题：A Primer for Pessimists
刊登时间：March,
原文节选：Most people would define optimism as being eternally hopeful, endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor who taught the university’s most popular course, Positive Psychology, from to . “It certainly doesn’t mean thinking everything is great and wonderful.”
Ben-Shahar, who is the author of Happier and The Pursuit of Perfect, describes realistic optimists an “optimalists”―not those who believe everything happens for the best, but those who make the best of things that happen.
In his own life, Ben-Shahar uses three optimalist exercises, which he calls PRP. When he feels down―say, after giving a bad lecture―he grants himself permission (P) to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction (R). He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there’s perspective (P), which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
Studies suggest thatpeople who are able to focus on the positive aspects of a negative event―basically, cope with failure―can protect themselves from the physical toll of stress and anxiety. In a recent study at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), scientists asked a group of women to give a speech in front of a stone-faced audience of strangers. On the first day, all the participants said they felt threatened, and they showed fear hormones. On subsequent days, however, those women who had reported rebounding from a major life crisis in the past no longer felt the same subjective threat over speaking in public. They had learned that this negative event, too, would pass and they would survive. “It’s a back door to the same positive state because people are able to tolerate and accept the negative,” says Elissa Epel, one of the psychologists involved in the study.
篇3：考研英语(二)试题真题及解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,” only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float” - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady
6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive
8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print
10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down
11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when
12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn
13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though
14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease
15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear
17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification
19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for
20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.
There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______
[A] work on cheap software
[B] ask for a moderate salary
[C] adopt an average lifestyle
[D] contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______
[A] gains of technology have been erased
[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[C] factories are making much less money than before
[D] new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____
[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution
[B] to ensure more education for people
[C] ro advance economic globalization
[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[A] New Law Takes Effect
[B] Technology Goes Cheap
[C] Average Is Over
[D] Recession Is Bad
Text 2
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____
[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.
[B] leave their home countries for good.
[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.
[D] find permanent jobs overseas.
27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____
[A] needs new immigrant categories.
[B] has loosened control over immigrants.
[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.
[D] has been fixeed via political means.
28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___
[A] fiancial incentives.
[B] a global recognition.
[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.
[D] the freedom to stay and leave.
29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __
[A] as faithful partners.
[B] with economic favors.
[C] with regal tolerance.
[D] as mighty rivals.
30 选出最适合文章的标题
[A] come and go: big mistake.
[B] living and thriving : great risk.
[C] with or without : great risk.
[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.
篇4：考研英语真题解析
考研英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text。 Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work 。Today is no different， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers。 Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 。 A few wealthy people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland。
A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed。 6 ， today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time。 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double the rate for 7 Americans。 Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality， mental-health problems， and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs。 Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future。
But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease。 Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment。 In the 13 of work， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure。 Today， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown。 “Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy， and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway。
These days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs。 “When I come home from a hard day’s work， I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says， adding， “In a world in which I don’t have to work， I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters。
1。[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring
2。[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty
3。[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction
4。[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured
5。[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom
6。[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless
7。[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated
8。[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute
9。[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among
10。[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside
11。[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically
12。[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles
13。[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
14。[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield
15。[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship
16。[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce
17。[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats
18。[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved
19。[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into
20。[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 2
With so much focus on children’s use of screens， it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use。 “Tech is designed to really suck on you in，” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play， “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement。 It makes it hard to disengage， and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine。 ”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise。 She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children。 During a separate observation， she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family。 Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention。
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world， and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children。 Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s。 In it， a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention。 “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times， but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need，” says Radesky。
On the other hand， Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children： “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized， very white， very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30，000 words you are neglecting them。” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower， do housework or simply have a break from their child。 Parents， he says， can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way。 This can make them feel happier， which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time。
According to Jenny Radesky， digital products are designed to ______。
[A] simplify routine matters
[B] absorb user attention
[C] better interpersonal relations
[D] increase work efficiency
Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______。
[A] takes away babies’ appetite
[B] distracts children’s attention
[C] slows down babies’ verbal development
[D] reduces mother-child communication
Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______。
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______。
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30，000 words a year
[C] ensure constant interaction with their children
[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens
According to Tronick， kid’s use of screens may_______。
[A] give their parents some free time
[B] make their parents more creative
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
Text 3
Today， widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year。 After all， if everyone you know is going to college in the fall， it seems silly to stay back a year， doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years， it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic。
But while this may be true， it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years。 There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line，” whether that be toward graduate school， medical school or lucrative career。 But despite common misconceptions， a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact， it probably enhances it。
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not。 Rather than pulling students back， a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence， new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most。 Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment， making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders。
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests， then consider its financial impact on future academic choices。 According to the National Center for Education Statistics， nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once。 This isn’t surprising， considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications， but switching to another after taking college classes。 It’s not necessarily a bad thing， but depending on the school， it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game。 At Boston College， for example， you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department。 Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on。
One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that 。
[A] they think it academically misleading
[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college
[C] it feels strange to do differently from others
[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps 。
[A] keep students from being unrealistic
[B] lower risks in choosing careers
[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens
[D] relieve freshmen of pressures
The word “acclimation” (Line 8， Para。 3) is closest in meaning to 。
[A] adaptation
[B] application
[C] motivation
[D] competition
A gap year may save money for students by helping them 。
[A] avoid academic failures
[B] establish long-term goals
[C] switch to another college
[D] decide on the right major
The most suitable title for this text would be 。
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back
[D] The Gap Year： A Dilemma
Text 4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states， the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars， says Professor Max Moritz， a specialist in fire ecology and management。
In ， the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago。 In effect， fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation， watershed and cultural resources management， and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans。
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts。 As Moritz puts it， how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country，” he says。” We need to take a magnifying glass to that。 Like， “Wait a minute， is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire， researchers say。
For one thing， conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive。 Over the past decade， the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires。
While climate is a key element， Moritz says， it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation。
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked， and the interactions go both ways，” he says。 Failing to recognize that， he notes， leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be。 Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited。”
At the same time， people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity， says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado。 But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws， policies， and practices that make it as safe as possible， she says。
“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire，” Balch says。 “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today。”
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they 。
[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts
[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget
[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states
[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to 。
[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas
[B] avoid the redirection of federal money
[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds
While admitting that climate is a key element， Moritz notes that 。
[A] public debates have not settled yet
[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving
[C] other factors should not be overlooked
[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place
The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to 。
[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature
[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems
[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life
[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature
Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should 。
[A] do away with
[B] come to terms with
[C] pay a price for
[D] keep away from
Part B
Directions：
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。 There are two extra choices in the right column。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain， particularly from Donald Trump。 “We don’t make anything anymore，” he told Fox News， while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。
Without question， manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades， and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing。
But there is also a different way to look at the data。
Across the country， factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge： instead of having too many workers， they may end up with too few。 Despite trade competition and outsourcing， American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years。 Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place， other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay。
For factory owners， it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages。 “They’re harder to find and they have job offers，” says Jay Dunwell， president of Wolverine Coil Spring， a family-owned firm， “They may be coming [into the workforce]， but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing，” Mr。 Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture。
At RoMan Manufacturing， a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980， Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers， five are retiring this year。 Mr。 Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program， with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years。
At a worktable inside the transformer plant， young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors。 It’s his first week on the job。 Asked about his choice of career， he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering。 “I love working with tools。 I love creating。” he says。
But to win over these young workers， manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle： parents， who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression， telling them to avoid the factory。 Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off。 They blame it on the manufacturing recession，” says Birgit Klohs， chief executive of The Right Place， a business development agency for western Michigan。
These concerns aren’t misplaced： Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 。 When the recovery began， worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades。 Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels。
“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill，” says Rob Spohr， a business professor at Montcalm Community College。 “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill。 It’s that gap in between， and that’s where the problem is。 ”
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing： a work/life balance。 While their parents were content to work long hours， young people value flexibility。 “Overtime is not attractive to this generation。 They really want to live their lives，” she says。
[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools。
41。 Jay Deuwell
[B] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill。
42。 Jason Stenquist
[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore。
43。 Birgit Klohs
[D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers。
44。 Rob Spohr
[E] says that for factory owners， workers are harder to find because of stiff competition。
45.Julie Parks
[F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing。
[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents。
范文如下：
The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion.
The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’ horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparalleled material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums.
To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensible effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums.
作文考察的是一封邀请信的回函，要求写作内容包括：
1、接受教授邀请给留学生做有关中国文化的presentation(介绍/演示)。
2、提供介绍内容的关键信息。
篇5：考研英语真题解析：翻译难度略增
考研英语真题解析：翻译难度略增
2014考研英语真题解析：翻译。全国的考研学子们在1月4日下午5点的时候，考研英语已经结束了，将英语二的翻译与往年相比难度略有提升，对于翻译中的短语也出现更多的意译，这也暗示了广大的学子们，在平时练习时一定要加大难度进行系统的复习，下面我们分析翻译的.答案：
Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy， with a glass that‘s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn‘t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality，” says Tal Ben-Shahar， a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar， realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen， but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
重点理解句中的短句：define…。as…把…定义为………；according to sb在某人看来；make the best of 利用；在理解了以上短语后，我们就可以翻译成通顺的汉语：
大多数人愿意把乐观主义定义为无尽的快乐，就像一只总是盛着半杯水的杯子。但是那绝对是乐观的心里学家所不能推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛教授Tal Ben-Shahar则认为：“健康的乐观主义一定要符合现实”。在Tal Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者会把发生的事情做到最好，而不是相信会有最好的事情发生。
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down C say， after giving a bad lecture C he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner； some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture， learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn‘t. Finally， there is perspective， which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life， one lecture really doesn’t matter.
此段中的短语有：feel down悲观沮丧；learning lessons 学习经验；in the grand scheme of life在人生的规划中；本人认为此段比上段要难些，不过有上段的语境，我们可以进行发挥，本段的大意如下：
Tal Ben-Shahar用到三种乐观的方法：在一场糟糕的讲座之后，他会悲观沮丧，他会安慰自己这是人之常情。他提醒自己并不是每一场讲座都能获得诺贝尔奖，有些讲座是不如其他人的，需要做的是改正过来。他会分析较糟糕的讲座，无论起不起作用，都要为未来的讲座积累经验。最后，有一种观点是，我们要承认在人生的规划中，一场讲座真的无关紧要。
考研教育网预祝全体考生金榜题名！
篇6：考研英语二真题
2017考研英语二真题
Section 1 Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest C like size, industry, and sales C and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.
1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often
8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
10.[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
12.[A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke
13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare
14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced
15.[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
16.[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
17.[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers ― but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn ― how to think logically through a problem and
organize the results ― apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers ― in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes ― for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want ― the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that ― the better.
21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.
A. complete future job training
B. remodel the way of thinking
C. formulate logical hypotheses
D. perfect artwork production
22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.
A. experience
B. academic backgrounds
C. career prospects
D. interest
23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.
A. help students learn other computer languages
B. have to be upgraded when new technologies come
C. need improving when students look for jobs
D. enable students to make big quick money
24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.
A. compete with a future army of programmers
B. stay longer in the information technology industry
C. become better prepared for the digitalized world
D. bring forth innovative computer technologies
25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.
A. challenge
B. persuade
C. frighten
D. misguide
Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands―once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range―wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
Text 3
That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.
So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.
31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because?????
[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind
[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to?????
[A] update their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps?????
[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[B] develop online reading habits
[C] promote ritualistic reading
[D] achieve immersive reading
34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if?????
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
35. The best title for this text could be?????
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Find Time to Read
[C] How to Set Reading Goals
[D] How to Read Extensively
Text 4
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.
Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.
From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.
Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their?children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”
36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.????
[A] trying out different lifestyles
[B] having a family with children
[C] working beyond retirement age
[D] setting up a profitable business
37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to?____.???
[A] favor a slower life pace
[B] hold an occupation longer
[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance
[D] give priority to childcare outside the home
38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will?____.???
[A] become increasingly clear
[B] focus on materialistic issues
[C] depend largely on political preferences
[D] reach almost all aspects of American life
39. Both young and old agree that?____.
[A] good-paying jobs are less available
[B] the old made more life achievements
[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain
[D] getting established is harder for the young
40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?
[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.
[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.
[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.
[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
[A]Be silly
[B]Have fun
[C]Express your emotions
[D]Don't overthink it
[E]Be easily pleased
[F]Notice things
[G]Ask for help
As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.
41.______________
What does a child do when he's sad? He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.
42.____________
A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.
43.______________________
Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.
44.__________________
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