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2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空运费和费率（1）
加入收藏 【大 中 小】 [ 2010-9-21 ] 英文原文：Deciding on a pricing policy for airfreight presents airlines with many difficulties, because freight consignments vary greatly in shape, size and weight, and this must be taken into account in the price structure, moreover, it is difficult to do so since many costs do not vary proportionately with consignment size.注释：decide on: 对„做出决定(决议)price policy: 价格的政策 in shape: 在外形上 take into account: 考虑，重视 moreover: 而且;此外;再者 proportionately: 相称地, 成比例地 vary with: 随„变化
中文意思：决定货运价格的政策给航空公司带来许多困难，货物在外形、尺寸及重量上都有很大的区别，因此在制定价格时必须考虑周全。而且，许多成本不是随货物尺寸相应变化的，要做到考虑周全也十分困难。
英文原文：Cost of documentation fixed for almost any size of consignment and costs of ground handling on a per kg basis are generally much lower for large consignments than for small ones.注释：ground handling: 地面工作，地勤作业
中文意思：通常大批量货物任何尺寸的固定的单证成本和以每公斤为单位计算的地面工作成本要比小批量货物的成本低得多。
英文原文：Costs will also vary according to commodity type.Some items such as hazardous goods and valuable cargoes need special handling, which incurs extra costs.注释：commodity type: 商品种类 hazardous goods: 危险品 valuable cargo: 贵重货物
中文意思：成本也跟随商品类型的变化而变化。比如危险品和贵重货物需要特殊处理，就产生了额外的成本。
英文原文：These costs must be recovered as far as poible from the shippers of this type of cargo.Freight consignments vary in density, so airlines must decide whether charging should be based on weight, on volume or on a mixture of two, with high-density cargoes charged on weight, and low-density ones on volume.注释：recover: 弥补，挽回 as far as poible: 尽可能 freight consignment: 托运货物 density： 浓度, 密度;比重 volume ：体积 high-density: 高密度 low-density: 低密度
中文意思：这类货物的附加成本会尽可能地从托运人那里获得补偿。托运货物在密度上也不一样，所以航空公司必须确定运费是以重量为基础收取还是按体积收取，或者按重量体积混合标准收费，高密度的货物以重量计算收费，低密度货物按体积收费。
英文原文：If this latter policy is adopted, a decision must be taken on the cut-off point between weight and volumetric charging.注释：latter: 后面的，后者的 adopt: 采取，采用 cut-off: 分界点;取舍点;分离点 volumetric: 测定体积的中文意思：如果采用后面一种价格政策，就必须在重量和体积标准之间确定一个分界点。
2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空运费和费率（2）
加入收藏 【大 中 小】 [ 2010-9-21 ]
一、普通运价(考试重点)
英文原文：General cargo rates are applicable to any type of commodity, without the restriction of hazardous consignment size.注释：General cargo rates: 普通运价 be applicable to:(适)用于 restriction: 限制，约束 hazardous consignment: 危险货物
中文意思：普通运价适用于各种货物，对危险货物的尺寸也没有限制。
英文原文：The disadvantage is that they are pitched at an extremely high level, although some discount is offered for consignments that can take advantage of the weight breaks which exist at 45kg, and also often at 100kg and higher.注释：disadvantage: 不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势 pitch: 定位于 extremely: 极端地, 非常地
discount: 折扣 take advantage of: 利用
中文意思：尽管给予重量分别达到45公斤，100公斤以及高的重量分界点的货物折扣价格，但是普通运价的缺点在于价格定位水平非常高。
2.最低运价(考试重点)
英文原文：General Cargo Rates are usually supplemented by provision for a Minimum Charge.This means that in most cases a shipper cannot be charged le than the appropriate rate of 4kg, even though his particular consignment may weigh le than this.注释：supplement: 补充 Minimum Charge: 最低运价 even though: 即使
中文意思：最低运价条款是普通运价的补充。这是指在大部分情况下，收取托运人的运费标准不得低于4公斤，即使他托运的货物重量低于4公斤。
英文原文：On some routes minimum charges apply at higher weight of up to 8kg.There is considerable justification for the minimum charge principle, because the costs of documentation and customs clearance are fixed irrespective of consignment size, and small consignments are expensive to handle.注释：up to: 一直到，等于 considerable: 相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的 justification: 认为正当，理由 principle: 原则，法则 irrespective: 不顾的，不考虑的中文意思：在一些航线最低运费的征收标准提高到8公斤。最低运费的征收原则是非常合理的，因为不管托运货物的尺寸是多少，单证文件和海关清关方面的费用是固定的，因此体积小的货物运输费相对较贵。
2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空运费和费率（3）
加入收藏 【大 中 小】 [ 2010-9-24 ]
三、等级运价(考试重点)
英文原文：Cla Rates are a further supplement to the General Cargo Rate tariff, and are applied by most airlines.Under Cla Rating, certain commodities are offered a discount, and many more commodities are surcharged under cla rating.注释：Cla Rates: 等级运价 tariff: 关税，价目表，价格表 surcharge: 额外索价;附加罚款
中文意思：等级运价进一步对普通运价进行了补充，并且被大部分航空公司使用。等级运价下，对某些商品給予折扣，在等级运价下更多的商品被征收附加费用。
四、指定商品运价(考试重点)
英文原文：Specific Commodity Rates are rates that are applicable to named types of freight.In addition, they have a number of features which separate them as a distinct form of pricing.注释：Specific Commodity Rates: 指定商品运价 a number of: 许多的 feature: 特征，特色 distinct: 清楚的，明显的中文意思：指定商品运价是适合指定类型的货物的运价。另外，指定商品有许多特征，区分出清晰的价格结构。
历年考题：
In air cargo transportation,()are rates which are applicable to named type of air cargo.A.General Cargo Rates
B.Cla Rates
C.Bulk Unitization Rates
D.Specific Commodity Rates
答案：D
分析：航空运输中，指定商品运价适用于指定类型的航空货物。
2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运运费
加入收藏 【大 中 小】 [ 2010-9-20 ]
二、航空货运运费
英文原文：The charges on air freight are determined either by weight or weight plus volume – that is, by the size of the pieces in the shipment.注释：be determined by: 由„所决定 volume: 体积
中文意思：航空运输的费用由货物的重量或者重量加体积决定——即，按每件装载货物的尺寸来决定。
英文原文：Generally, a certain number of cubic inches is considered the equivalent of a pound of weight.On international shipments, a shipper is at present allowed 194 cubic inches for each pound.If he exceeds the volume allowance, he pays a higher rate.As with paenger fares, however, there are special rates for certain kinds of goods.注释：a certain number: 一定量，定量 cubic inches: 立方英寸 equivalent: 当量，同等物，等价物 pound: 磅 at present: 目前，现在 exceed: 超过，超出 allowance: 定量分配，给与额 as with: 与„一样 paenger fare: 客运费 special rate: 特殊运费率 certain kinds of goods: 特定货物
中文意思：通常，一定数量立方英寸等同于重量一磅。国际货物运输中，托运人目前允许量是一磅等于194立方英寸。如果超出了这个体积范围，他将支付更高一级的运费率。但与客运费一样，对于一些特定货物也采用特殊运费率。
英文原文：With paengers, the fare for the flight is almost always paid in advance.Even when a paenger uses a credit card, his fare is legally prepaid since the credit card company’s auming the responsibility for payment.注释：pay in advance: 预付 credit card: 信用卡 legally: 法律上，依法地，合法地 prepay: 预付 aume responsibility: 承担责任
中文意思：对于旅客的客运费通常几乎都是预付的。甚至当乘客使用信用卡支付时，他的运费法律上自信用卡公司承担支付责任起即被预先支付。
英文原文：With freight, however, the airline can also accept payment on delivery;this is probably customary with large, frequent shippers.The member of the general public who was shipping personal effects would probably be asked to prepay.In regard to international shipment, however, some countries do not permit any shipments except those that have been prepaid, no matter who the shipper is.注释：payment on delivery: 交货后付款 customary: 习惯的，惯例的 frequent: 经常的，频繁的 general public: 公众，群众 personal effect: 私人用品 in regard to: 关于
中文意思：对于货物运输，航空公司也可以接受交货后付款;这一惯例主要针对一些发货量大，经常发货的托运人。对于一般群众发送私人用品将很可能要求预付运费。然而，关于国际货运，有些国家可不管货主是谁，不预付运费就不准运货。
英文原文：With a member of the public, the agent is probably unable to aign an air waybill number, ascertain the charges, or book the shipment on specific flights until the shipment had been received by the airline, when it is weighed and checked to see if it was adequately packed.注释： ascertain: 确定，查明 adequately: 充足，足够
中文意思：对于一般群众来说，直到航空公司接到货物、过磅并检查包装是否合适之后，货运代理才为其分配一个航空货运单的号码，确定运费或在某航班上预定运货。
英文原文：When a company is making a first-time shipment, particularly if it is an international shipment, the airline agent might recommend a freight forwarding agency that would be prepared to help the shipper with all the problem of documentation, insurance, and so on.注释：first-time: 第一次，首次 particularly: 尤其，特别 recommend: 推荐，介绍 be prepared to do: 能力而且愿意
中文意思：当一家公司是首次发货，尤其是国际货运，航空公司代理会介绍一家有能力而且愿意帮助托运人处理单证，保险等方面问题的货运代理。2010年国际货代英语辅导：航空货运基本介绍
加入收藏 【大 中 小】 [ 2010-9-20 ] 航空货运基本介绍
英文原文：The movement of freight by air is more complicated than the movement of paengers by air.For one thing, of course, freight cannot speak for itself or walk from plane to plane when making a connection or take care of its own travel documents.注释：freight: 货物 complicated: 复杂的 paenger: 乘客，旅客 for one thing: 首先 speak for: 代表„说话 make a connection: 中转 take care of：照料，照顾 travel document: 旅行证件
中文意思：空运货物要比空运旅客复杂的多，首先，货物本身不会说话，中转时不会从一架飞机走到另一架飞机，同时也不会照料自己的旅行证件。
英文原文：Every piece of freight has to be carefully labeled and transported from place to place – not just from airport to airport, but also from point of origin to point of destination – door to door, to use a common expreion.注释：label: 贴标签于, 标注
中文意思：每件货物必须仔细地贴上标签，从一个地方运到另一个地——不仅是从机场到机场，还包括从发货地至目的地的运输——用通常的话说就是，门到门。
英文原文：In addition, there are more government regulations, and usually more complicated ones, for international shipment of freight than for paengers.注释：government regulation: 政府管制，政府法规
中文意思：除此之外，政府对国际货物运输的管制比国际旅客运输的要多得多，国际货物运输也更为复杂。
英文原文：Because of these complications, a large proportion of air freight shipments are handled by freight forwarding agencies, which fill a function similar to that performed by travel agencies for paengers.In other words, they take care of making all the neceary arrangements so that a customer is not bothered with many of the details.注释：complication: 复杂，复杂化 a large proportion of：一大部分 freight shipment：货运 fill：充任，执行 similar to: 相似，与„类似 travel agency：旅行社 bother with：为„费心
中文意思：因为如此复杂，大部分的航空货运都是由货运代理人来操作的，他们履行的职责类似于为旅客服务的旅行社的职责。换句话说，他们负责所有必要的安排使得顾客不再为许多细节操心。
英文原文：Many shipments are also made by companies or government offices that do so much shipping that they are experienced in all the procedures.Many of these companies and offices employ special shipping clerks.注释：government office：政府机关，政府机构 be experienced in：在„方面有经验 shipping clerk：运务员，装运人员
中文意思：许多运输也由从事过许多装运业务的公司或者政府机构操作，他们在所有的程序方面都很有经验。他们中许多公司和机构都雇用专门的运务员。
英文原文：Like the reservation agent, the air freight agent does most of his work by telephone.Let’s suppose that a shipping clerk calls in from a company that wants to send a large number of shipments by air freight.The air freight agent aigns an air waybill number to the shipment.Then he arrange for the pickup of the shipment from the customer.He can also book the shipment on whatever flights are neceary.When the shipment is received by the airline, each piece is marked with the air waybill number for identification.注释：reservation agent: 预定员 air freight agent: 航空货运代理人 suppose: 假定，假设 call in: 来电，打电话 aign: 分配，指派air waybill: 航空运单 pickup: 收取 fight: 班机，航程 neceary: 必须的 airline：航空公司 be marked with: 表明，被标上 identification: 识别，核对
中文意思：比如预定员，航空货运代理人大部分工作都是通过电话完成的。我们假设一家公司运务员来电表示欲通过空运发送大量货物。航空代理人将为这批货物分配航空运单号码。随后他将安排从客户那里收取货物。他同样需要预定班机。当航空公司接收到货物后，每件货物都会被标上航空运单号码以供识别。
英文原文：Air freight is carried either in the baggage compartment of regular paenger flights or by freight flights on planes that have been especially designed or adapted for carrying cargo.注释：baggage compartment: 行李舱 design for: 设计来做 adapt for: 调整，为„改变
中文意思：空运的货物或者放在正常客运航班的行李舱里运送，或者由运货而专门设计或改装的货运航班承运。
英文原文：The freight flights usually operate between major shipping points.In the United States, for example, a freight might be routed from New York to San Francisco by way of Chicago.From large stations that are not served by direct freight flights, the freight office probably has an allotment of space on paenger flights that connect with a freight flight – from Washington to New York, for example.注释：shipping point: 装运地点 San Francisco: 旧金山 by way of: 经由，通过 Chicago: 芝加哥 large station: 大型站 freight office: 货运办公室 allotment: 分配，份额 Washington: 华盛顿
中文意思：货运航班通常在主要装运地之间运行。在美国，例如，一架货运航班可能从纽约经由芝加哥飞往旧金山。从没有直达货运航班的大站起飞，货运办公室很可能安排与货运航班衔接的客运航班舱位运送货物——比如从华盛顿至纽约。
英文原文：At smaller stations, freight would probably go out on a space available basis on paenger flights.Making room for freight, incidentally, is another reason for weight limitations on paenger baggage.注释：go out: 出去(在这里指“运出”)make room for: 为„腾出空位，给„腾出地方 incidentally: 附带的，顺便的 limitation: 限制，限度
中文意思：在较小的航站，货物则用客运航班上的可利用的舱位运出。客机附带为货物腾出舱位，这也是限制旅客行李重量的另一个原因。
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