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Urban Agriculture presentation Morning，everyone!Today’s topic is Urban Agriculture and I’ll mainly focus on the relationship between Urban Agriculture and sustainable cities.First, I’ll introduce you some new words and expreions:
Urban agglomeration 城市群 biosphere 生物圈
Urbanize 使城市化
cultivation 耕种、耕作 Microclimate
微气候
biodiversity生物多样性
Ecological agriculture 生态农业
environmental degradation环境退化 Animal husbandry
畜牧学、畜牧业
aquaculture水产养殖
Important to remember those and go on with me to the next part:
BACKGROUND At the end of 20th century, humanity is involved in an unprecedented experiment: we are turning ourselves into urban species.Look at this picture: in one century, the global urban populations have expanded from 15% to 50% of the total, which itself has gone up from 1.5billion to 6billion.Urban growth is changing the face of the earth and the condition of humanity.We can talk about this in three points:
1.Cities and the environment: human activities not only have effect inside the cities but also change a lot outside.The concept of an urban ecological footprint can be used to help illustrate how surrounding rural and natural areas are being affected by cities—requires of land and water to meet material consumption and waste discharge.2.Cities and food: cities require vast areas of land for their sustenance and have come to depend on large amounts of food being brought in from outside the land area they actually occupy.But the environmental impact of food supplies, including the energy required for food production, proceing and transport, is rarely discued at the beginning.However the problem in foil-fuel use, air pollution and damage to wildlife habitats through road building are turning up with it.3.Urban sustainability: It is recognized that cities nowadays use too many natural resources and produce too much waste.The city’s impact stretches far beyond its physical boundaries.There can be no sustainable world without sustainable cities.So we got the question:
Is it poible to make a world of cities viable in the long term – socially, economically, as well as environmentally? The answer is YES!
That would bring out our today’s topic: Urban Agriculture.The recognition of environmental degradation within cities through the relocation of resources to serve urban populations has inspired the implementation of different schemes of urban agriculture acro the developed and developing world.These three pictures all show us what Urban Agriculture is.Urban Agriculture is the practice of cultivating, proceing and distributing food in, or around, a village, town or city.Urban agriculture in addition can also involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agro-forestry and horticulture.In this part, we concentrate on the major environmental constraints aociated with urban agriculture and its potential role to help improve the ecological performance of cities.One of the major constraints is obvious: the lack of space in cities for growing food In the western world since the Second World War, few provisions have been made for space for urban food production.The economic boom of the last 40 years has led to the aumption that city people will buy food, not grow it themselves.Urban people always say to have no space for food growing.In fact, despite their inherent density, cities do have enormous potential for food growing.Open ground near by a community, people’s own courtyard and so on.Importantly, there are several advantages and opportunities to improve the environment and ecology of cities.Urban Agriculture can help to create an improved microclimate and to conserve soils, to minimize waste in cities and to improve nutrient recycling, and to improve water management, biodiversity, the O2-CO2balance, and the environmental awarene of city inhabitants.Nobody would suggest that all city people will want to grow food themselves, but they do desire to know where their food comes from.Urban Agriculture has the potential for bring growers and consumers closer together.1.Vegetable Box Schemes: providing customers with a selection of vegetable in-season from local’s farms, enjoy growing popularity.2.Community-supported agriculture: It is a scheme to bring together growers and local customers in a mutually beneficial arrangement and is becoming popular in both Europe and the USA.In such schemes, participants purchase a share in any produce in advance.Participants acquire the right to visit a farm and to help in the cultivation and harvesting of crops, if they wish.An additional benefit is that participants may also get a say in what crops are grown.Such schemes have proved that crops produced for local consumption can be very lucrative and that mutual arrangements between growers and consumers can also be environmentally and culturally beneficial.The benefits that Urban Agriculture brings along to cities are numerous.The transformation of cities from only consumers of food to generators of agricultural products contributes to sustainability, improved health, and poverty alleviation.It is poible to make our city sustainable and green.That’s all for today, thank you!
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